Low-head impulse water turbine set for hydroelectric generation

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-head impulse water turbine set for hydroelectric generation, which comprises a runner chamber (1), wherein the lower width (3) of the runner chamber (1) is more than 1.5 times of the upper width (2); the low head is 10-100m; and the height from the lowest point of a runner (5) is an invalid head of 6Hinv from a tail water level (8) during shutting down, which reduces the invalid head by 6Hinv and ensures that a nondimensional invalid head Hinv / D is 0.5, and D is the diameter of the runner. The invention can apply an impulse water turbine to a lower-head power station and sufficiently utilize the wide domain and the slow change of a high-efficiency region and has the advantages of simple structure, open downstream, small excavated volume and environmental protection; and the low-head impulse water turbine set can replace a mixed-flow water turbine and an axial-flow hydraulic turbine, of which the head is 10-100m, under the condition of less investment, thereby broadening the application range of the impulse water turbine.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the mechanical technical field of hydroelectric power generation equipment, and in particular relates to an impact water turbine set for low water head hydropower generation, which expands the water head used by the impact water turbine to the range of low drop. Background technique [0002] Pelton turbines are generally used in high-drop, small-flow generator sets. A traditional impact turbine includes a runner chamber, a nozzle, a spray needle and a runner. The working process of the traditional impact turbine: the water flow with high head enters from the diversion pipe, and is injected into the water bucket of the runner through the nozzle. It flows out from the runner to the tail water part under the runner chamber, and the tail water part is connected with the atmospheric pressure downstream. [0003] When the water head is used at a high level, when the water flow after doing work flows out from the runner to the botto...

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Problems solved by technology

[0003] When the water head is used at a high level, when the water flow after doing work flows out from the runner to the bottom of the runner chamber, the water with kinetic energy disturbs the tail water surface to form fierce waves, in order to avoid the violent fluctuation of the water surface from hitting the lower end of the runner , the distance from the lowest point of the runner of the impulse turbine to the water surface in the runner chamber needs a height of Hinv, but this Hinv is an invalid water head, and the resulting drop in efficiency is η E =(H-Hinv) / H, the proportion of invalid water head is tolerable at high water head, but the proportion will be greatly increased when used at low water head, and the actual efficiency will drop significantly, which is difficult for impact turbines. One of the important reasons to promote the use under low water head

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