The invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit, and discloses a rail vehicle with a carriage air purification function. The rail vehicle comprises carriages and air purification devicesarranged in the carriages, the air purification devices comprise shells, air inlets, air outlets, fans and filters, wherein the air inlets and the air outlets are formed in the shells, the fan are arranged in the shells, the filters are arranged between the air inlets and the air outlets, the filters comprise filter screens, carbon fiber filter layers and graphene-based HEPA filter layers which are sequentially arranged from the air inlets to the air outlets, the air purification devices further comprise dust scraping plates used for scraping dust on the windward sides of the filter screens, the dust scraping plates are movably arranged on the shells through moving mechanisms, and the bottom surfaces of the dust scraping plates are parallel to the windward sides of the filter screens. According to the rail vehicle with the carriage air purification function, a structure which is specially used for clearing accumulated impurities on the filter screens is arranged, so that cleaning by maintenance personnel is facilitated, then the dust filtering efficiency and the dust filtering effect are improved, and the use performance of the air purification devices is ensured.