The invention discloses a reverse planning method for a treatment plan, which comprises the following steps of: A, setting an iteration optimizing parameter; B, generating individual treatment plans; C, calculating an individual treatment plan dose field; D, screening the individual treatment plans according to an individual treatment plan screening strategy; E, calculating and screening the fitness of the residual individual treatment plans according to the dose field and a reverse planning target; F, selecting the current optimum plan; G, if the evolution times is more than that of a population, conveying to the step I, otherwise, performing the next step; H, evolving the population to the population of new generation, and conveying to the step C; and I, stopping evolving the population and outputting the current optimum plan. The invention also discloses a treatment plan system. In the reverse planning method, the population plans are screened before the fitness is calculated and the fitness of the residual individual treatment plans which are screened is calculated, so the calculated amount can be reduced effectively, and the integral iteration process is efficient.