The invention relates to a near-rail sound absorption and insulation device and belongs to the technical field of urban rail transit. The device is composed of a connecting piece and noise reduction bodies, wherein the connecting piece is fixedly connected with a sleeper through a bolt, the noise reduction bodies are fixedly connected with the connecting piece, the noise reduction bodies are L-shaped rubber integral products, two end surfaces of each noise reduction body are closed and are concave-convex primary and secondary rabbets respectively, and every two adjacent noise reduction bodiesare in butt joint through concave-convex primary and secondary rabbets, vertical surface transverse waves and vertical surface vertical waves of the noise reduction body are arranged at intervals, planes of the noise reduction bodies are downward slopes, and plane vertical waves and plane transverse waves of the noise reduction bodies are arranged at intervals. The device is easy to manufacture, safe, convenient to install and maintain, small in occupied space, free of extra foundation, low in height and close to a noise source, the good sound absorption effect is achieved, construction conditions are improved, and the view of passengers is enlarged.