The present application provides use of NeuroD1 in preparation of a
drug for converting
retinal Muller glial cells into neurons. The present application also provides a method for converting mouse
retinal Muller glial cells into neurons, which comprises overexpressing neurotranscription factor NeuroD1 in mouse
retinal Muller glial cells. After overexpression of NeuroD1 in mouse retinas by using an adeno-associated
virus vector, the present application induces conversion of retinal Muller glial cells into retinal neurons, which can be applied to repair retinas damaged or degenerated due to diseases, thereby restoring vision.