186 results about "Nonpoint source pollution" patented technology

The stereo in-situ ecological urban water system repairing process tackles polluted water via the quantitative analysis on the water. The technological scheme includes physical simulation and mathematic model analysis, microbe inoculation and culture, constituting refluxing ecological filter bed, purification with biocarrier, artificial aeration, purifying upper water, pre-treatment in the blow down port, establishing water ecological system balance, perfecting water environment data, etc. The present invention realizes the comprehensive tackling of urban water system.

The invention relates to a slope protection forming method of a landscape-type multi-level stepped constructed wetland, which has the effect of intercepting and purifying pollutants entering river channels in the form of surface sources. Sand-free concrete piles and slabs are inserted to form pile-slab components, and a slope protection system from high to low is formed on the river bank slope from the bank slope to the river bed. Planting areas are set on the side of the pile slabs, and there are fillers inside. Geotextiles are installed on the bankside side of the slab, so that when the non-point source pollutants flow from the river bank to the river, the plants planted in the planting area absorb the eutrophication in the polluted water, and the biofilm is formed on the surface of the filler to absorb and degrade the pollutants. After this The sewage treated at the first stage continues to infiltrate or overflow, enters the second row, and goes down step by step. Finally, the sewage is purified to a greater extent and flows into the river. It solves the defects of natural, hard and ecological slope protection. The structure is simple, easy for industrial production, the construction amount is small, the land is saved, and the landscape is beautified.

The present invention discloses one kind of reinforcing purifying pre-reservoir system for treating the plain river network area. The reinforcing purifying pre-reservoir system includes four parts: surficial runoff colleting and regulating subsystem; depositing plant grating subsystem; reinforcing purifying ecological permeable dam subsystem; and pre-reservoir area. The said four parts are connected successively to form one complete reinforcing purifying pre-reservoir system for treating the plain river network area. The system can eliminate N and P containing nutritive salts, suspended solid and one pollutant from surficial runoff and other pollution sources to reduce pollution load. The present invention can reach the target of eliminating TN in 60 %, TP in 70 % and SS in 80 %, and the technology may be used in plain river network area.

A biologic cleaning method for treating the water surface pollution of river features the water reservoirs and ponds nearby the polluted river are reformed to become a biologic cleaning system consisting of water retaining gate and water guide system, sand depositing system, water distributing and optimizing system, plant strengthened cleaning system, deep water cleaning system, water draining gate, and optimized running and management.

The invention belongs to ecological condition project and hydraulic engineering technology field. It is based on indigene species, keeps the principle of 'from nature, excelled nature' to carry on ecology design, the designed groove, canal, river, bank, constructed swamped land, waste water processing system, and has merits of waste water process, greening and bank protection, beatifying landscape and continuous resources. Through constructing nature simulating ecological system, it can display the waste eliminating function of constructed swamped land system fully, but also it can upgrades material producing ability, and the cost is low, easy to be operated, the area is small.

A method for repairing the damaged ecological systems at a hydro-fluctuation zone and a riparian zone of a reservoir with wire grass relates to an engineering technology of ecological repairing at the hydro-fluctuation zone and riparian zone of the reservoir, which firstly filters to acquire the wire grass that can not only grow in drouthy and poor soil, but also can survive by submerging for 1 to 6 months with a submerging depth of 0 to 40 meters, as well as fast resume to grow after the water level falls as a repairing plant, and plants or transplants the plant to a repairing area after adopting asexual propagation or sexual propagation; then maintains the plant so as to ensure the growth in the next year. The invention can rebuild and resume the ecology at the hydro-fluctuation zone and riparian zone, which has the functions of improving the riverside sight, maintaining water and soil, cutting off the surface source contaminations and improving the water body and quality, stabilizing soil, protecting banks, absorbing contaminations in the water in hydroperiod and fast covering the plant on the bank after the water level falls; thereby reaching the effects of resuming and rebuilding the environment at the hydro-fluctuation zone and riparian zone of large-scale reservoirs; the invention has broad application prospect and excellent environment benefit.

The invention relates to a maize soil testing fertilization method which is realized by three steps of soil nutrient detection, fertilizing amount calculation and fertilization. The proportion of N, P and K is scientifically and reasonably adjusted, and the soil nutrient proportion is coordinated, therefore, the invention improves the utilization ratio of fertilizer by more than 3 percent on average, does not cause soil nutrient loss and unbalance, diffused pollution and soil acidification, improves the maize yield and is particularly suitable for the fertilization of a maize field.

The invention relates to revetment combination system that has cutoff purifying function to the river rainfall runoff surface contaminating material. It sets non-sand concrete curbstone at the intersection of road and bank slope, a catch water channel is set at one side of intersection road, where coarse sand bedding is paved. Crushed stones are filled in the channel, and the top of channel is sealed by non-sand concrete. On the band slope toward water side paves coarse sand, crushed stone of different thickness, and ecology brick. Cement laid stone masonry breast wall is set at basal slope, and growing plant at the bank slope. It increases the residence time for runoff in the system and takes purification to it.

The invention relates to an apple soil testing prescription fertilization method which is realized through three steps, namely soil nutrient testing, mixed fertilizing rate and fertilization, achieves scientific and reasonable fertilization, takes actions that suit local circumstances, does not lead to the nutrient loss, unbalance, non-point pollution and acidification of the soil, appropriately fertilizes, improves the fruit quality, has no pollution and physiological diseases, and in particular applicable in apple land fertilization.

The invention relates to a soil testing and fertilization method for peanuts. The method scientifically and reasonably adjusts the compounding ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and coordinates the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil nutrient through soil nutrient test, fertilizer application rate calculation and fertilization steps. The method provided by the invention increases the average utilization rate of fertilizer by more than 3%, does not cause loss and imbalance of soil nutrients, non-point pollution and soil acidification and increases peanut yield, and is especially suitable for fertilization in the peanut field.

The invention provides a no-tillage direct seeding and mulching cultivation method of rice in the technical field of agricultural planting. In the cultivation method, Chinese milk vetch serves as green manure in winter, and is mulched on the ground surface as organic green manure before the seeding of the rice; and all rice straws are returned to the field, and are mulched on the ground surface after the rice is harvested; therefore, the permanent no-tillage of a rice field and the direct seeding of the rice are put into practice, and thus the crop rotation of the rice and the green manure are put into practice. When the method is adopted, the growth and development of soil organisms are improved; the diversity of the soil organisms is enriched; the application of fertilizers is reduced; the widespread pollution of a farming land is reduced; labor and force are saved; the agricultural planting efficiency is improved; and the quality of the rice is improved.

The invention provides a multi-stage water power aerobic ecological wetland type slope protection device, which comprises an ecological wetland bed, a water inlet groove and a water outlet groove. One end of the ecological wetland bed is connected with the bottom of the water inlet groove through a limber hole, while the other end is connected with the water outlet groove which is provided with an aerobic pipe; the water outlet groove is divided into an upper water groove and a lower water groove through a baffle plate; two ends of the aerobic pipe are respectively arranged in the upper water groove and the lower water groove; the lower water groove is connected with the next stage of water inlet groove through the limber hole; and the lower water groove of the lowest stage of water outlet groove is provided with a water discharge port. The device can be applied to the slope protection construction of a river and a lake, intercepts and purifies the area surface pollution discharged into the river and the lake, and also can convey water in the river and the lake to a high position by using a water pump; and the water flows from the first stage of the water power aerobic ecological wetland to the next stage gradually and is subjected to multi-stage processing of the wetland, so that the water quality in the river and the lake is purified, the effects of improving dissolved oxygen and denitrifying are good, and the wetland silt saturation can be relieved to a certain extent.

The invention discloses a riverside ecological multi-dimensional circulating type wet land slow-flow infiltration pollutant intercepting system which mainly comprises a primary vegetation buffer zone, a hydrophilic platform, an adjusting pond, an ecological retention system and a secondary vegetation buffer zone. The primary vegetation buffer zone is arranged on one river-ward side along the riverside road surface, the gradient is consistent to the gradient of an original bank slope, the downward width along the bank slope is 1.0-1.2m, and the length is 800-1000m. The ecological retention system is provided with a planting soil layer, a filler layer, a reverse osmosis layer and a gravel layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The riverside ecological multi-dimensional circulating type wet land slow-flow infiltration pollutant intercepting system reduces pollution load caused by surface source runoff flowing into a river channel during the rainy season, achieves the synergic purpose of water channel water quality circulating purification and wet land conservation during the non-rainy season, has good landscape effect and has the reference and guidance effects on surface source pollutant intercepting and river and lake water purification.

The invention belongs to the technical field of researching of an ecological system and provides a method for constructing a comprehensive control system for small-watershed surface source pollution. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, carrying out remote sensing monitoring on water loss and soil erosion; then carrying out field positioning observation and manually-simulated rainfall; analyzing radial water loss and soil erosion of different land utilization types and an output rate of surface source pollutants including nitrogen, phosphorus and the like through the field positioning observation and the manually-simulated rainfall; calculating a nitrogen and phosphorus source surface pollution load strength and partitioning; carrying out control technology configuration and biological measure benefit monitoring on the surface source pollution which takes the water loss and soil erosion as a carrier; and finally, establishing the comprehensive control system of the small-watershed surface source pollution. The invention provides main measures needing to be adopted and provides evidences for guaranteeing the safety of a main water source land and planning work for supporting water and soil maintenance of a drainage basin, therefore, the method has stronger popularization and application values.

The invention discloses a method for treating nitrogen and phosphorus surface source pollutants in an ecological ditch. The method comprises the following steps of: A, constructing the ecological ditch: constructing the ecological ditch at the exit of a catchment area, and dividing the ecological ditch into multiple steps, wherein the slope and the bottom of the ditch are made of soil, and a water blocking bank has a brick-concrete structure; B, planting aquatic plants and breeding loaches section by section: planting the aquatic plants in the ecological ditch to digest the nitrogen and phosphorus surface source pollutants in a water body by using the intercepting and absorbing effect of the aquatic plants, and breeding the loaches on the lower middle part of the ecological ditch to increase economic benefits of the ecological ditch; C, managing the ecological ditch: periodically reaping the aquatic plants, dredging the ecological ditch in combination with harvesting of the loaches, and newly planting aquatic plants and breeding loaches; and D, managing and maintaining the ecological ditch: 1) reaping and utilizing the plants in the ditch, 2) dredging, and 3) maintaining the ecological ditch. The method is low in cost and easy to operate, is easily accepted by crowds, has an extremely good treatment effect on the nitrogen and phosphorus surface source pollutants, and has a very good popularization and application prospect in subtropical hilly regions of middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

This invention discloses a method for three-dimensional treatment of polluted river water. The purification zone is composed of a water distribution and purification system, a bioreinforcing purification system, and a self-oxygenation biopurification system. The invention uses wet land system as the base, and has such advantages as low investment, good effect, easy management, and simple structure.

The invention relates to a moveable assembled water quality purifier for a field drainage ditch. The purifier is characterized in that one or two dividing channels are excavated next to the original channel according to surface source pollution degree of the field and flow rate of water flow in the field drainage ditch, wherein the dividing channels are equal to the original channel, so that the flow rate of the water flow is remarkably reduced and the hydraulic retention time can be greatly increased. A monomer water quality purifying box is prepared by reinforcing steel bars and steel wire nets. Different monomer water purifiers in different sizes can be selected according to section sizes of the field drainage ditches to combine and arrange to fill the whole channel, so that field flows as many as possible are treated by the water purifiers. The purifier has the advantages that the eutrophication degree and risk of a receiving water of the surface source pollution of the field can be reduced, and pesticide residue and organic matters hardly biodegradable in the field drain water can be absorbed to a certain extent. Meanwhile, the purifier provided by the invention is few in construction work, convenient to maintain and manage, good in treatment effect, simple to prepare and low in cost.

This invention discloses active soil and flocculant, absorbent complex material nitrogen fertilizer fixation method. Sagging bar soil, active chitosan, polyacrylamide and nitrogen fertilizer are used as certain ratio to prepare one kind of new style slow release, low cost and high efficiency solid nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen ion is absorbed and fixed through above materials synergistic reaction to prevent fertilizer active ingredient dissipating. Fixation time and crop growing fertilizer phase is same, they are fully absorbed by crops and fertilizer draining or volatilizing is reduced. At the same time, because nitrogen element is efficiently prevented from entering water body, water body nutrition controlling and agricultural ecology environment protection is reached. Traditional fertilizer is placed, and fertilizer using dosage can be reduced, so it has great value for controlling water body nutrition source pollution and protecting ecology environment.

The invention discloses a rasterization-based method of determining a river surface source pollution load in a plain river network area. According to the method, based on a rasterization technology and a GIS spatial overlay analysis function, a confluence weight factor is calculated with a ratio of a river section area to a shortest distance between a grid and a surrounding rive as a weight, and aconfluent area range of each river and utilization area of corresponding type of land are determined. The method comprises specific steps of drawing a river network polygon, calculating area rasterization and performing spatial operation, calculating the confluence weight factor, determining a flow direction of the surface source pollution, dividing a confluent area of the surface source pollution, calculating use areas of different types of land, calculating a pollution load per unit area, and calculating the river surface source pollution load. The method determines the surface source pollution confluent area reflecting characteristics of water systems of the plain river network area, making it easier to determine a boundary of a confluent area of the area and being easy to promote anduse in calculation of pollution load of areas with the same water system characteristics.

The invention discloses a river waterfront multiplayer composite plant pollutant purification zone and a construction method of the river waterfront multiplayer composite plant pollutant purification zone. The river waterfront multiplayer composite plant pollutant purification zone comprises a sod slope protection pollutant purification zone, an emergent aquatic plant pollutant purification zone, a submerged plant pollutant purification zone and gabions. The river waterfront multiplayer composite plant pollutant purification zone has the advantages that: nonpoint source pollutants and sand carried by surface runoff are effectively intercepted and purified when passing through the system, so that the surface runoff is purified before being drained to an accepting water body. The filling material in the gabions is gradually transited to rock blocks from broken stones, and the gradual change forms good purification effect. Through the stability of the gabions, the gabions play an important role in preventing the impact of the water flow; and an area with stable water flow is formed between the gabions, so that the formation of the submerged plant zone is favorable and the pollutant purification capacity is enhanced. The offshore rock block gabions provide perching space for aquatic animals, particularly fish, and the emergent aquatic plants on the gabions provide function of sun shading.

The invention discloses a comprehensive evaluation method for land parcel sponge city construction performance. The method comprises the following steps: determining an evaluation project; establishing a comprehensive evaluation system according to the sponge city construction target of the plot and the connotation; using Basic term, the specified item and the score adding item as evaluation elements; on the premise that the specified item meets the requirement; according to the annual runoff total amount control rate and the annual surface source pollutant total amount removal rate of the basic item relative to the improvement rate index value of the reference value of the area where the plot is located, determining a performance evaluation preliminary grade; According to the method, a comprehensive evaluation system is formed, the land parcel sponge city construction performance evaluation accuracy is improved, and the method conforms to the sponge city construction connotation and target performance evaluation requirements.

The invention discloses a method for building an ecological littoral zone in a buffer area. The method comprises building of gabions, a low pond, multiple ponds and a retention canal. The method comprises the following specific steps: (1) a gabion area is built, wherein the gabions are built between a normal water level of a river and a level of a flood occurring every two years, and emergent aquatic plants are planted in gaps between the gabions; (2) the low pond is built, wherein a low area which is 20cm lower than the gabion area and 20cm lower than foundations of the multiple ponds is built between the level of the flood occurring every two years and the level of a flood occurring every twenty years; (3) a multi-pond system is built, wherein two rows of pond systems are built in the low pond area, substrate improvement is conducted, submerged plants are closely planted in the ponds, and the emergent aquatic plants are planted on the foundations and the circumferences of the ponds; (4) the retention canal is built, wherein the retention canal is built along the outside of the level of the flood occurring every twenty years. The method effectively solves the ecological problems that a surface source of a gentle slope area of the river is severely polluted, landscapes are poor, the biodiversity is reduced and water and soil loss occurs, and offers a feasible and efficient ecological restoration measure for recovery and reconstruction of a hydro-fluctuation belt.

The invention discloses a GIS platform-based plain river network region pollution load calculation method. Aiming at the characteristics of plain river network region pollution source generation and migration, outputs and river pollutant loads of various pollution sources and various pollutants under the support of a GIS platform; four calculation modes are utilized to respectively calculate pointsource and surface source pollution loads of seven pollution sources such as urban domestic pollution, rural domestic pollution, urban rainfall runoff pollution, dry land rainfall runoff pollution, rice field rainfall runoff pollution, livestock breeding pollution and aquaculture pollution, and finally the pollution load of a whole plain river network region is determined. The method is not onlycapable of reflecting the pollutant migration characteristics of plain river network regions, but also capable of being popularized and applied on a relatively large spatial-temporal scale, so that the simulation precision in the migration process of pollutants from sources to river networks is improved.

The invention provides a composite curtain wall for efficiently intercepting pollutants in a farmland surface source. The composite curtain wall is characterized in that a surface plant buffer zone, a plant protection slope, a water collection zone and an anti-pollution curtain wall are arranged in sequence along the direction from a farmland drain outlet to a field drain ditch; the water collection zone is lower than the surface plant buffer zone and the anti-pollution curtain wall in height; the anti-pollution curtain wall is formed by gravel, filled soil or the combination of the gravel and the filled soil, and the shape of the cross section of the anti-pollution curtain wall is trapezoid. According to the composite curtain wall provided by the invention, the pollutants discharged by the farmland can be intercepted and purified through plant absorption and physical absorption filter, the nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the farmland surface source can be effectively prevented from entering water body such as a river, and the composite curtain wall has good ecological benefit and the popularization and application value.

The invention provides a membrane separation technology-based rainwater sewage interception device and method. The rainwater sewage interception device comprises a catch basin, an overflow device, a membrane separation device, a filtered water reservoir, a filtered water control device and a backwash device. The membrane separation technology-based rainwater sewage interception device and method provided by the invention have the beneficial effects that the membrane separation technology-based rainwater sewage interception device and method can effectively remove the combined sewage in a rainstorm period or the surface source pollution caused by rainwater overflowing, a water body is protected to be clean and transparent, and the pollution is reduced furthest; the membrane separation technology-based rainwater sewage interception device and method can be applied to urban drainage, water body protection, water environment repair and the like, and can be used for removing pollutants such as particles, suspended matter, organic matter and heavy metal in water, thus achieving the aim of water body protection.

The invention relates to a water purification type ecological bank protection overflow system. The ecological bank protection overflow system comprises a water diversion transverse furrow, a speed reduction weir, reaction tanks and a gabion bank revetment, all of which are sequentially arranged in the direction from the slope face to the water face. Isolation layers are arranged on the side faces of the reaction tanks. The reaction tanks are sequentially provided with planting layers, adsorption-nitrification layers, rubble layers and anaerobic-denitrification layers from top to bottom, and overflowing pipes inclined downwards in the direction of the water face are arranged in the rubble layers. According to the water purification type ecological bank protection overflow system, the staying time of non-point pollutants in water of all layers of structures of the ecological bank protection overflow system is controlled by reducing the radial flow speed of the non-point pollutants on the riverway slope face, the non-point pollutants can naturally and orderly be subjected to the work processes of permeating, absorbing, decomposing, converting and discharging in the system, and the aim of efficient purification of the non-point pollutants is finally achieved.

The invention discloses a cultivation method of leaf vegetable with low nitrate content. The method comprises the following steps: A, land preparation: turning over the soil, ditching and ridging; B, fertilization: applying chemical nitrogenous fertilizer potassium, wherein 100 kg of N, 50 kg of P and 50 kg of K are applied to each hectare; C, seeding: seeding the sprouted vegetable seeds into the fertilized soil after the land preparation; D, watering: watering and covering the soil with a thin film or sunshade net after the seeding; E, spraying plant physiological regulator: spraying the prepared plant physiological regulator in the growth period of vegetable, once every week and three in total; F, prevention and control of disease, pest and grass: spraying liquid medicine for preventing disease and killing pest, and weeding in the vegetable plot; and G, harvesting: harvesting the ripe crops. The method is easy to implement and convenient to operate, and has low cost; the plant physiological regulator has good effect and is convenient to use and widely applicable; and moreover, the method is widely applicable to the planting of leaf vegetable in the same type of vegetable plot soil, reduces nitrate content of leaf vegetable, improves the vegetable quality and the soil quality, and prevents widespread pollution caused by excessive soil nutrient.

The invention discloses a reservoir watershed ecological protection method, which comprises the following steps of building a reservoir watershed digital geographic information system and performing unit division; building a contaminant database of villages and towns, popularization, livestock breeding, industrial and mining enterprises and the like; building a distributive rainfall runoff and contaminant moving coupling model; analyzing the moving rule of contaminants between the units. The method provided by the invention can be used for diagnosing the reservoir watershed ecological safety problem, analyzing the reservoir major contaminant resources and time-space distribution features, and water environment evolution processes. The surface source pollution control is implemented from the source; the ideal water quality standard reaching of reservoir entering water quality is realized through river ecological measures and watershed tail end estuarine wetland management measures. The method provided by the invention has the important technical support effect on reservoir water resource protection, beautiful village building and watershed ecological environment restoration.

The invention discloses a slope farmland nitrogen phosphor loss control method comprising the following steps: A, charcoal trench design and construction: 1, building a charcoal trench: building the charcoal trench on the bottom of the slope farmland, wherein the trench side slope and bottom are respectively soil texture; 2, filling a soil-charcoal layer: filling soil and modified small aperture charcoal in the trench in layers according to a certain proportion; 3, planting a plant fence: planting the plant fence on the first original surface layer soil; B, building a water stop ridge: building the water stop ridge between the most bottom slope of the slope farmland and the edge of the charcoal trench; C, burying a diversion pipe: burying the diversion pipe on the bottom of the charcoal layer; D, charcoal trench management and maintenance: 1, regularly cleaning sands; 2, regularly inspecting and maintaining the water stop ridge. The slope farmland nitrogen phosphor loss control method is simple in operation, cannot content soil with crops, the charcoal can be repeatedly used, and the plant fence has high economic benefits, thus providing important meanings for controlling slope farmland and orchard surface source pollution.

The invention relates to an ecological bank-protection system consisting of a replaceable plant carrier and ecological concrete blocks. The ecological bank-protection system is combined by the replaceable plant carrier and the ecological concrete blocks. The shape of the replaceable plant carrier is matched with that of a planting trough of the ecological concrete block; the replaceable plant carrier consists of a framework and a knitting material which is enwound on the framework; the framework consists of a soleplate and a wire; the replaceable plant carrier is internally provided with substrate where the plant grows. The ecological bank-protection system solves the defect that the bank-protection plant is difficult to be cured in the existing various ecological bank-protection systems, uses the replaceable carrier to achieve the convenient replacement of the bank-protection plant, solves the difficult problems that the surface source pollution interception and the water purification effect are declined and the ecological landscape of the river is affected and the like during the attenuation period of the bank-protection plant; the ecological concrete blocks can be mass-produced industrially so as to form pre-fabricating parts, thus avoiding the inconvenience and bad affects in the field construction.