Provided are a system and method for controlling incubation of silkworm eggs. The system is formed by an industrial personal computer, a PLC, a route inspection instrument, a plurality of control panels, a plurality of temperature and humidity transducers and a plurality of execution units. The industrial personal computer is connected with the PLC through a PC/PPI cable, the PLC is connected with the route inspection instrument through a parallel data interface, the route inspection instrument is connected with all the temperature and humidity transducers, the control panels are connected with the execution units, and all the control panels are connected to the PLC; the route inspection instrument carries out timing acquisition on temperature and humidity signals and sends data to the PLC through the parallel data interface in real time; after the PLC reads the data, the data are compared with set temperature and humidity values in the industrial personal computer, air conditioners, heaters, humidifiers and motors of the execution units are driven by the control panels, and accordingly temperatures, humidity and illumination of incubation rooms accord with incubation requirements. According to the system and method, silkworm egg embryos are more uniformly illuminated, grow in good order and are incubated more uniformly, the incubation rate is increased, and incubation date accuracy is improved.