Provided are an intra-frame prediction method and device, and an intra-frame prediction-based coding and decoding method and device. The intra-frame prediction method comprises: determining an intra-frame prediction unit, obtaining intra-frame prediction unit information of the intra-frame prediction unit, wherein the intra-frame prediction unit information at least includes intra-frame prediction mode information, reference pixel information and color component information; determining a linear interpolation filter for intra-frame prediction according to the color component information, reference pixel information and intra-frame prediction mode information; calculating the prediction value of each pixel point in the intra-frame prediction unit under the intra-frame prediction mode according to the reference pixel information and the determined linear interpolation filter, thereby improving the accuracy of intra-frame prediction, making the internal texture of the prediction unit more natural, and further making the energy of the image more concentrated after encoding, thereby improving the encoding efficiency.