Non-invasive ocular drug delivery
a technology non-invasive treatment, which is applied in the direction of anti-microbial ingredients, peptide/protein ingredients, and therapy, etc., can solve the problems of reducing the efficiency and reducing the effectiveness of ocular drug delivery. , to achieve the effect of increasing the concentration of therapeutic compounds and increasing efficiency and efficacy
Inactive Publication Date: 2011-03-17
MILLER DAVID J +2
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- Summary
- Abstract
- Description
- Claims
- Application Information
AI Technical Summary
Benefits of technology
This approach allows for increased and sustained delivery of therapeutic agents to the posterior ocular region, reducing systemic toxicity and improving treatment efficacy for ocular conditions while minimizing invasive procedures and side effects.
Problems solved by technology
Numerous sight-threatening maladies result from diseases in the posterior portion of the eye.
Delivery of the agents to the site of action, however, has heretofore proven difficult.
Delivering therapeutic concentration of drug to the intermediate and posterior ocular region via conventional delivery methods has proven difficult in practice, as the methods are fraught with drawbacks.
Generally, however, delivery of a drug into the eye via systemic methods is difficult because the eye is an immunoprivileged organ.
The excessive quantities of the drug in the systemic circulation, of course, expose the entire body to the negative effects and potential toxicity of the drugs.
The injections, however, carry significant risks, including pain, risk of infection, tissue scarring, retrobulbar hemorrhage, ecchymosis, elevated intraocular pressure, accidental perforation of the globe, and eye proptosis.
Further, despite their relatively targeted nature, periocular injections can result in high systemic drug concentrations because the drug does not diffuse unidirectionally into the globe, but diffuses radially into the capillaries and vasculature surrounding the globe.
The half-life of most compounds in the vitreous, however, is relatively short, usually on the scale of just a few hours.
The repeated injections can cause pain, discomfort, intraocular pressure increases, intraocular bleeding, increased chances for infection, and the possibility of retinal detachment.
Although effective, such devices carry with them significant risks, separate and apart from the risks associated with major implantation surgery.
The problems include pain, discomfort, intraocular bleeding, intraocular pressure increases, chance of infection, and the possibility of retinal detachment.
Lastly, if ocular drug toxicity is observed, such as increased intraocular pressure or cataractogenesis during implantation therapy, the toxicity has to be managed or the device removed.
The inability to deliver effective amounts of drug to the eye runs contrary to empirically determined information on the transport of those drugs.
Yet despite finding such high permeabilities, Geroski and Edelhauser failed to recognize the reasonable utility of in vivo passive, transscleral drug delivery to achieve therapeutic drug concentrations within the eye.
Thus, the inability to deliver drugs effectively through topical administration must be due to environmental conditions in the drug delivery pathway or within the eye itself that degrade or eliminate the drug.
In any case, the environmental conditions in the extrascleral space, within the transport pathways, and within the eye tend to create a harsh environment for the transport and viability of the effective form of the drug.
These tissues contain the clearing vasculature of the eye, which can shunt the drug from the ocular region to the systemic vasculature, thus not allowing the drug to be exposed to the back of the eye.
Combined with enzymatic degradation and protein binding elucidated above, these environmental conditions create a particularly formidable barrier for delivery to the posterior portion of the eye following passive, topical delivery.
Method used
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I. Definitions
[0039]Before describing the present invention in detail, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to specific drug delivery systems or pharmaceutical formulations, as such may vary. The definitions set forth apply only to the terms as they are used in this patent and may not be applicable to the same terms as used elsewhere, for example in scientific literature or other patents or applications including other applications by these inventors or assigned to common owners. The following description of the preferred embodiments and examples are provided by way of explanation and illustration only and is not intended to be limiting. As such, they are not to be viewed as limiting the scope of the invention as defined by the claims. Additionally, when examples are given, they are intended to be examples only and not to be restrictive.
[0040]It must be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” incl...
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Abstract
The present invention is drawn to a pharmaceutical compound for the treatment of posterior retinal diseases through topical application of the compound. The compound includes an effective amount of a therapeutic compound, and at least one additional agent that helps to prolong the residence time of the therapeutic compound within the extraocular space, or increase the transport of the therapeutic compound across a tissue of an eye toward and into a posterior ocular region, or both. The invention is additionally drawn to a device and method for delivering the compound.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0001]1. Field of the Invention[0002]The present invention generally applies to the treatment of ocular conditions, and specifically applies to improved methods, materials and devices for the non-invasive treatment of intermediate and posterior eye pathologies.[0003]2. Background Art[0004]Numerous sight-threatening maladies result from diseases in the posterior portion of the eye. Posterior and intermediate uveitis, HSV retinitis, age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, bacterial, fungal, or viral endophthalmitis, eye cancers, glioblastomas, and glaucomatous degradation of the optic nerve are but a few of the diseases that will result in blindness if left untreated.[0005]A plethora of conventional pharmacological agents currently exist to treat these conditions. Delivery of the agents to the site of action, however, has heretofore proven difficult. In order to exert a sufficient pharmaceutical effect on the intermediate and posterior eye ti...
Claims
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IPC IPC(8): A61N1/30A61K9/00A61K9/127A61K9/14A61K31/56A61K39/395A61K31/7088A61K38/00A61K38/43A61K31/5377A61P31/00A61P27/02A61P35/00A61P29/00A61N7/00A61K31/137
CPCA61K31/137A61K9/0051A61P27/02A61P29/00A61P31/00A61P35/00
InventorMILLER, DAVID J.LI, S. KEVINHIGUCHI, WILLIAM I.
OwnerMILLER DAVID J