Pupil dependent diffractive lens for near, intermediate, and far vision

Abstract

A multifocal diffractive lens comprises a multifocal diffractive structure coupled to a refractive component. The refractive component comprises at least one curved surface. The multifocal diffractive structure comprises a first plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes having a first optical power for near vision correction and a second plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes for far vision correction. The first plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes combined with the second plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes can provide a multifocal diffractive profile having decreased light scatter, chromatic aberration, and diffraction to non-viewing orders such that dysphotopsia is substantially inhibited. A third plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes having an intermediate optical power can be combined with the first plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes and the second plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0001]1. Field of the Invention[0002]The present invention relates to multifocal ophthalmic lenses to correct vision of an eye, such as multifocal intraocular lenses, multifocal contact lenses, and multifocal spectacles.[0003]2. Description of Background Art[0004]Presbyopia is a condition that affects the accommodation properties of the eye. As objects move closer to a young, properly functioning eye, the effects of ciliary muscle contraction and zonular relaxation allow the lens of the eye to change shape, and thus increase its optical power and ability to focus at near distances. This accommodation can allow the eye to focus and refocus between near and far objects.[0005]Presbyopia normally develops as a person ages, and is associated with a natural progressive loss of accommodation. The presbyopic eye often loses the ability to rapidly and easily refocus on objects at varying distances. The effects of presbyopia usually become noticeable after the age o...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0013]Embodiments of the present invention provide decreased light scattering and decreased chromatic aberration with a lens comprising a multifocal diffractive structure coupled to a surface of a refractive component, for example imposed on the surface, so as to provide improved patient vision at near and far viewing distances. The lens may comprise a foldable IOL having the diffractive structure imposed on the refractive component on a first side of the IOL. The multifocal diffractive structure may comprise a first plurality of substantially monofocal diffractive echellettes for near vision correction and a second plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes for far vision correction. The substantially monofocal echellettes can diffract transmitted light with an efficiency of at least about 90%. The first plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes for near vision correction can be combined with the second plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes for far vision correction so as to provide a distribution of near and far vision correction across the pupil having decreased light scatter, decreased chromatic aberration, and decreased diffraction to other orders such that dysphotopsia is substantially inhibited. The first plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes may comprise a first plurality of full period zones having radial sizes and locations based on the optical power of the near vision correction and design wavelength, and the second plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes may have second full period zones having radial sizes and locations corresponding to the first full period zones, and the second plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes can be placed on the second full period zones located between the first plurality of echellettes. The first plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes for near vision correction and the second plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes for far vision correction can be combined with a third plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes for intermediate vision correction such that near, far and intermediate vision correction can be provided with decreased light scatter, chromatic aberration and diffraction to other orders and dysphotopsia can be substantially inhibited. The first and third plurality of echellettes may comprise a first integer multiple of the design wavelength such as 1λ, and the second plurality of echellettes may comprise a second integer multiple such as 0λ. As the radial sizes and locations of the second zones of the second plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes and the third zones of the third plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes can correspond to the full period zones of the first plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes, the second plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes and third plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes can be arranged at locations corresponding to the first plurality of first full period zones so as to provide a multifocal diffractive lens component composed of substantially monofocal echellettes having a diffraction efficiency of at least about 90% of transmitted light to the near, intermediate and far optical corrections, such that dysphotopsia is inhibited substantially. Alternatively or in combination, the third plurality of echellettes may comprise multifocal echellettes, for example bifocal echellettes, combined with the first plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes and the second plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes.

[0014]The first plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes having the first substantially monofocal optical power can decrease light scatter, chromatic aberration and diffraction to other orders, so as to decrease substantially unwanted light-related visual phenomenon experienced by the patient. The first plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes may comprise a step height corresponding to an integer multiple of a design wavelength, for example within about + / −0.25λ of the integer multiple, such that at least about 90% of the transmitted light energy is diffracted with an optical power corresponding to the near vision correction. The integer multiple may comprise 1λ, or 2λ, or more. The first plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes can be combined with the second plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes in many ways so as to provide a multifocal lens with decreased light scattering and decreased chromatic aberration. For example, an inner portion of the lens may comprise an inner proportion of the first plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes to the second plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes, and an outer portion of the lens may comprise an outer proportion of the first plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes to the second plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes. The inner proportion can be greater than the outer proportion so as to provide relatively greater amounts of light for the near vision correction with the inner portion and relatively greater amounts of light for the far vision correction with the outer portion.

[0019]The third plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes may comprise third diffractive profiles having a substantially monofocal intermediate diffractive optical power for intermediate vision correction located on a third portion of the plurality of full period zones so as to provide increased depth perception at intermediate viewing distances, for example. The third plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes comprising the third diffractive profiles can be configured so as to diffract at least about 90% of the transmitted light to the diffractive order corresponding to the substantially monofocal intermediate vision correction, such that light scatter, chromatic aberration and dysphotopsia from other orders are substantially inhibited and vision improved. The substantially monofocal diffractive shape profile may comprise a height corresponding substantially to an integer multiple of a design wavelength λ such that at least about 90%, for example 95% or more of the visible light transmitted through the third plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes is diffracted to the order corresponding to a substantially monofocal near vision correction and so as to inhibit light scattering and diffraction to other orders. Each of the third plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes may have a width corresponding to a integer multiple of the widths of the first plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes, such as a multiple of two, three, or four, so that that the third plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes can be combined with the first and second plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes at locations across the pupil.

[0020]The intermediate vision correction may correspond to an amount of optical power within a range from about 0.25 to about 1.5 D of optical power added to the far vision correction, such that visual artifacts such as halos from objects at intermediate distances are decreased when the intermediate vision is provided with the enlarged pupil. The outer portion of the lens may comprise the third plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes having the substantially monofocal intermediate diffractive optical power and the second plurality of substantially monofocal echellettes having the substantially monofocal second diffractive optical power for far vision correction, so as to decrease light scatter, chromatic aberration and diffraction to other orders with the outer portion of the lens.

Problems solved by technology

The presbyopic eye often loses the ability to rapidly and easily refocus on objects at varying distances.

By the age of 65 years, the crystalline lens has often lost almost all elastic properties and has only limited ability to change shape.

Along with reductions in accommodation of the eye, age may also induce clouding of the lens due to the formation of cataracts.

Diffractive multifocal lenses may direct visually significant amounts of light energy at other non-viewing foci, which can contribute to the unwanted light-related visual phenomenon experienced by the patient.

Although multifocal diffractive lenses can be designed and optimized for a particular wavelength, people see in color and vision quality and light scatter can change at visible wavelengths away from the design wavelength such that vision quality may be less than ideal in at least some instances.

However, the diffraction of light to two or more orders with a diffractive profile that is a fraction of the design wavelength can be somewhat indirect and can diffract light to other adjacent orders such that patient vision can be less than ideal in at least some instances.

For example, although apodization of a diffractive profile providing near and far vision correction has been proposed to provide increased relative amounts of light for far vision correction at larger pupil sizes, this approach can leave intermediate vision substantially uncorrected and result in wavelength dependent light scatter such that depth perception can be less than ideal in at least some instances.

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