A method and device for deblocking filtering of a scalable bitstream during decoding is disclosed. According to the invention, the decoding of at least one part of a picture encoded in a base layer and at least one enhancement layer in a scalable bitstream, the bitstream comprising at least one access unit representing the picture, each access unit comprising a plurality of data elements, each data element belonging to a said layer, comprises the reception (600) of at least one data element of said at least one access unit and, if said at least one data element belongs to an access unit of a predetermined type, the decoding (715, 820) of the data of said data element, and the application (720, 825) of a full deblocking filter to at least one part of the decoded data, the full deblocking filter being applied to all of the.