The invention provides a regeneration treatment system and process for activated carbon, belonging to the technical field of activated carbon regeneration. The treatment system comprises an activatedcarbon regeneration device and a regeneration waste gas treatment device, wherein the activated carbon regeneration device comprises a crusher, a screening machine, a magnetic separator and a regeneration host; the regeneration waste gas treatment device comprises a high-temperature bag type dust collector, an incinerator, a waste-heat boiler, a quenching assembly, a water scrubber, an alkaline washing tower and an SCR denitration reactor; and the quenching assembly is used for cooling high-temperature flue gas released from the waste-heat boiler to less than 80 DEG C. The invention further provides the activated carbon regeneration treatment process utilizing the activated carbon regeneration treatment system. According to the invention, the regeneration efficiency of saturated waste activated carbon is improved by adopting the special activated carbon regeneration device, and regenerated waste gas generated by activated carbon is reasonably discharged by adopting the regenerated waste gas treatment device; and meanwhile, in the presence of a quench cooler, the high-temperature flue gas is cooled to less than 80 DEG C, so the generation interval of dioxin is avoided, and the degree of pollution to the environment is reduced.