The invention discloses a method for preparing lignin sodium sulfonate dispersant through advanced catalytic oxidation, comprising the following steps: adding a catalyst to a raw material (black pulp-making liquor containing 20-60% of solid), and subjecting the pulp-making liquor to reaction for 15-120 minutes at the reaction temperature of 30-95 DEG C; adding an oxidant, subjecting the pulp-making liquor to reaction for 15-120 minutes at the reaction temperature of 30-95 DEG C, adding an acidity regulator to regulate the pH value of a reaction system to 10.5-13.5, adding alpha-hydroxymethyl sodium sulfonate, subjecting the materials to reaction for 3-8 hours at the reaction temperature of 95-150 DEG C, decreasing the temperature, and discharging the product which is brown-black liquor, and carrying out spray-drying to obtain brown solid powder. The prepared dispersant has various functions of dispersing, complexing, chelating and the like and can be used in various fields of the dye dispersant, the concrete water reducer, the coal-water slurry additive and the like. The method has the advantages of simple preparation step, low cost, readily available raw material, short production cycle, mild reaction and no discharge of 'three wastes' during production, thereby being a clean and environmental-friendly process.