Cooling Apparatus and Methods
A technology for cooling equipment and cooling fluids, used in coolers, lighting and heating equipment, cooling fluid circulation devices, etc.
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[0134] It should be appreciated from the foregoing that embodiments of the present invention rely on one of the well-known anomalous properties of some fluids, such as water: namely, that their density is greatest at a critical temperature. The temperature coefficient of thermal expansion of the fluid is positive above the critical temperature and negative below the critical temperature. This phenomenon is shown in figure 1 , where the density of water is plotted as a function of temperature. The critical temperature of water can be considered to be approximately 4°C. Reference will be made herein to water as an example of a fluid that may be used in some embodiments, but it is understood that other fluids having similar properties with respect to the temperature coefficient of thermal expansion may also be useful. A fluid comprising water and one or more additives may be useful (such as water and salt). Salt can allow the critical temperature to be lowered. Other additive...
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