Methods of inhibiting photoreceptor apoptosis

a photoreceptor and apoptosis technology, applied in the direction of drug compositions, peptide/protein ingredients, immunological disorders, etc., can solve the problem of lack of molecular specificity of therapies

Active Publication Date: 2010-09-09
RGT UNIV OF MICHIGAN
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0027]As used herein, the term “effective amount” refers to the amount of a composition (e.g., photoreceptor protective composition) sufficient to effect beneficial or desired results

Problems solved by technology

However, these therapies lack molecular specificit

Method used

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  • Methods of inhibiting photoreceptor apoptosis
  • Methods of inhibiting photoreceptor apoptosis
  • Methods of inhibiting photoreceptor apoptosis

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example 1

Compositions and Methods

Experimental Model of Retinal Detachment

[0061]All experiments performed during the development of embodiments of the present invention were performed in accordance with the ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research and the guidelines established by the University Committee on Use and Care of Animals of the University of Michigan. Detachments were created in adult male Brown-Norway rats (300-400 g) (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, Me.), wildtype C57BL mice (age 3-6 weeks) (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me.), and IL-6− / − mice on a C57BL background (age 3-6 weeks) (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me.)(Zacks et al. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007; 125(10):1389-1395; herein incorporated by reference in its entirety). Rodents were anesthetized with a 50:50 mix of ketamine (100 mg / mL) and xylazine (20 mg / mL), and pupils were dilated with topical phenylephrine (2.5%) and tropicamide (1%). A 20-gauge microvitreoretinal blade (Walcott Scie...

example 2

Interleukin-6 as a Photoreceptor Neuroprotectant in an Experimental Model of Retinal Detachment

[0066]The immediately downstream transducers of IL-6 receptor signaling are Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) (Heinrich et al. Biochem J. 2003; 374(Pt 1):1-20, Samardzija et al. FASEB J. 2006; 20(13):2411-2413; herein incorporated by reference in their entireties). In the context of retinal-RPE separation, STAT1 and STAT3 transcript and protein levels are increased (Zacks et al. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006; 47(4):1691-1695, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety). Increased phosphorylation (i.e., activation) of STAT1 and STAT3 in detached retinas compared to attached retinas. Injection of the IL-6 neutralizing antibody into the subretinal space at the time of detachment resulted in approximately a 50% reduction in the level of phosphorylated STAT3. There was not any reduction in the level of phosphorylated STAT 1. These data suggest that after retinal...

example 3

Compositions and Methods Relating to X-Link Inhibitor of Apoptosis Animals

[0072]Adult male, Brown Norway rats, at least 6 weeks of age, were purchased from Harlan (Indianapolis, Ind.) and Charles River Laboratories (Wilmington, Mass.). Animals were maintained under standard laboratory conditions and all procedures conformed to both the ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research and the guidelines of the University of Ottawa Animal Care and Veterinary Service. Rats were divided into two groups, with one group receiving XIAP gene therapy and the other receiving the green fluorescent protein (GFP) control.

[0073]Construction of the Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (rAAV) Vectors

[0074]A cDNA construct encoding the full-length, open-reading frame of human XIAP with an Nterminal hemagglutinin (HA) tag was inserted into a pTR vector under the control of the chicken B-actin promoter. A GFP construct was similarly generated for use as a surgical and viral contro...

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Abstract

The present invention provides methods to prevent photoreceptor death. In particular, the present invention provides peptides which prevent FAS-mediated photoreceptor apoptosis.

Description

[0001]The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61 / 157,079, filed Mar. 3, 2009, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61 / 254,082, filed Oct. 22, 2009, which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0002]The present invention provides methods to prevent photoreceptor death. In particular, the present invention provides peptides which prevent FAS-mediated photoreceptor apoptosis.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0003]Apoptosis (programmed cell death) plays a central role in the development and homeostasis of all multi-cellular organisms. Alterations in apoptotic pathways have been implicated in many types of human pathologies, including developmental disorders, cancer, autoimmune diseases, as well as neuro-degenerative disorders, and retinal degradation. It is a tightly regulated pathway governing the death processes of individual cells and can be initiated either extrinsically or intrinsically. The latter is ...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): A61K38/20A61K38/02A61K31/7052A61K38/17A61P27/02A61P25/00A61P35/00A61P37/06
CPCA01K67/027A61K38/179A01K2227/105A01K2267/035A61K9/0048A61K38/204A61K48/00C07K14/4703C07K14/5412C12N2799/025A61K38/10A61K38/00A61K38/08A61K38/1761A01K2207/30A61P17/02A61P25/00A61P27/02A61P35/00A61P37/06
Inventor ZACKS, DAVID NOAM
Owner RGT UNIV OF MICHIGAN
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