Double-sector trellis cultivation type pear tree form and shaping method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree cultivation and fruit tree ecology and relates to a double-sector trellis cultivation type pear tree form and a shaping method thereof. Only two principal branches are reserved on a pear tree, a 90-degree included angle is formed between the two principal branches which are fixed to a Y-shaped support, and the two principal branches are symmetrically spread towards the space between lines; a base lateral branch is arranged on each of the two sides of the base of each principal branch, and a plurality of monopodium non-pruning type bearing branch groups are evenly arranged on and above the middle portion of each principle branch in a stagger mode; a 90-degree side angle is formed between each base lateral branch and the corresponding principal branch; a 90-degree base angle is formed between each monopodium non-pruning type bearing branch group and the corresponding principle branch, and the monopodium non-pruning type bearing branch groups are spread in parallel in the line direction; lateral branch bearing branch groups are formed on the base lateral branches through bud carving and non-pruning; weak shoots are taken as the main part of each principal branch, and the crown is spread to be sectors on the two sides of the Y-shaped support. The shaping method comprises the steps of erecting the Y-shaped support and a steel wire gauze surface, shaping at the first year, shaping at the second year and shaping at the third year. The method is convenient to operate and remarkable in effect.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the fields of fruit tree cultivation and fruit tree ecology, and in particular relates to a pear tree double-fan-shaped framed cultivation tree shape and a shaping method thereof. Background technique [0002] At present, trellised pear tree cultivation is the main method of pear tree cultivation in coastal countries such as South Korea and Japan. China's pear trellis cultivation technology originated in the 1990s and is currently used in coastal provinces such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Hebei. Rack cultivation of pear trees has been carried out, and there is also a certain cultivation area in inland provinces such as Henan and Hubei. Practice has shown that shelf cultivation not only has the advantages of wind resistance and greatly reduced wind damage, but also has incomparable advantages in fruit quality, especially in terms of fruit appearance uniformity and fruit texture uniformity, and is a modern pear ga...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

In China, the development of pears on horizontal scaffolds mostly follows the traditional Japanese three-main branch tree shape, and even four or even five main branches appear. , conventional fruit growers are difficult to grasp, so that there are four main branches and five main branches, which are easy to cause mutual extrusion, overlapping and partial crown phenomenon; second, the tree structure is complex and has many levels, which increases the technical difficulty and labor intensity of pruning. From the point of view of pruning, it is still impossible to get rid of the traditional method of pruning large-crown pear trees with sparse planting on arbor anvils, which is inconsistent with the trend of modern Chinese pear tree dense planting and labor-saving cultivation; third, the general height of the horizontal scaffolding structure is about 1.8-2.0m After the tree structure is formed, the height of the shelf surface will drop by about 10-20cm, which is inconvenient to operate in the field, and the dense vertical and horizontal surface of the shelf surface brings difficulties to management; In the face of relatively high impact, fruit setting is often artificially delayed, and the plastic surgery cycle is extended by 1 to 2 years, which affects early yield and benefit; fifth, poor management, tree shape is easily disordered

[0004] The technical difficulty of pear management on Y-shaped scaffolding is simpler than that of pears on horizontal scaffolding. Its two main branches are symmetrically spread out between rows, the technical difficulty of arrangement is low, the levels are relatively simple, and pruning is easy. The main branches often cross between rows, resulting in large crown and high tree height, which brings troubles to pruning, liquid pollination, spraying, fruit thinning, bagging, picking, etc., and because of crossing between rows, the lighting conditions in the crown are poor , and the fruit is mainly grown under the crown, resulting in poor relative light conditions between the fruit and the fruit quality is not ideal. At the same time, it is not compatible with the orchard grass mulching technology advocated by modern pear orchards, which also has a great impact on mechanized operations.

In order to alleviate the adverse effects of low relative light intensity between rows and between fruits, the method of increasing the cultivation row spacing is often used in production, which has caused the impact of low yield per unit area. At the same time, it still cannot get rid of the shortcomings of tree height and crown size. Fruit quality and texture uniformity are not as good as horizontal trellis pears

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