The invention discloses a system for drying sludge by utilizing radiation heat of a rotary cement kiln, comprising a sludge feeder, a first scraper conveyor, a second scraper conveyor, a rotary cementkiln, a first closed box, a second closed box, a first closed box feed port, a second closed box feed port, a first tracked conveyor, a second tracked conveyor, a fixed rolling toothed harrow, a first closed box discharge port, a second closed box discharge port, a first ventilation opening, a second ventilation opening, a first ventilation pipe, a second ventilation pipe, a discharge conveyor, afirst transmission device, a second transmission device, an exhaust fan, a biological filter and the like. The system for drying sludge by utilizing radiation heat of a rotary cement kiln can dry sludge under the condition of low temperature by utilizing the radiation heat of the rotary cement kiln, thereby keeping the original calorific value of the sludge; and the dried sludge is used as the auxiliary material of cement, and can contribute calorific value during cement burning, so that not only the sludge in urban sewage treatment factories and river and lake dredging sludge can be thoroughly treated, but also the heat energy resource of the sludge can be largely utilized.