According to the atmospheric online monitoring system and method for the coastal power transmission line, the collected SO2 gas concentration, oxynitride gas concentration, temperature, humidity, chloride ion concentration, PH values and early warning signals are transmitted to an APP terminal, so that monitoring personnel can open the APP terminal anytime and anywhere for online real-time checking. Therefore, the real-time performance of monitoring is improved. Besides, high voltage can be obtained in the coastal power transmission line through electromagnetic induction by a current transformer, and then the high voltage is discharged to preset working voltage through a voltage conversion module, so that an extra power supply is not needed, the power supply mode is not influenced by weather conditions, the voltage is relatively stable, the weather resistance is high, and the maintenance-free capability is improved, and the operation and maintenance cost is reduced.