40results about How to "Increased electrochemically active surface area" patented technology

The invention discloses a making method of platinum-on-carbon based catalyst in the fuel battery, which comprises the following steps: adding the metal salt pioneer body, complexing agent and alcohol reducer in the organic solvent; stirring at atmospheric temperature; adding alkaline material; adjusting the pH value; protecting heat reflux through nitrogen or in the autoclave; adding the carbon carrier to stir at atmospheric temperature; diffusing the metal sol particle evenly on the carbon carrier; adding acid material to adjust the pH value; adding second distilled water to break sol through ultrasonic shock; filtering the filter cake until the Cl- is not detected; drying the vacuum; cooling; grinding to produce the platinum-on-carbon based catalyst within Pt / C, Pt-Ru / C, Pt-Ru-Ir / C, Pt / CNT, Pt-Ru / CNT and Pt-Ru-Ir / CNT.

The invention discloses a Pd@PtNi nano-crystal with an octahedral core-shell structure, and a preparation method thereof for the first time. The preparation method of the crystal comprises the following steps: adding an octahedral Pd nanocrystal and hydrazine hydrate to an aqueous solution of PVP and citric acid monohydrate, injecting the obtained solution to a K2PtCl4 and NiCl2.6H2O mixed aqueous solution, heating, and stirring to obtain the Pd@PtNi nano-crystal with an octahedral core-shell structure. The invention also discloses a Pd@PtNi / C metal nano-catalyst, and a preparation method and a use thereof. The preparation method of the Pd@PtNi / C metal nano-catalyst comprises the following steps: injecting carbon black into the Pd@PtNi nanocrystal, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, washing, and drying to obtain the nano-catalyst. The nano-catalyst can be used in the fuel cell cathode oxygen reduction reaction process. The preparation method of the Pd@PtNi nanocrystal has mild and fast reaction, and the obtained Pd@PtNi nanocrystal has the advantages of uniform dimension, good dispersibility, enhancement of the utilization rate of Pt atoms, and enhancement of the catalytic activity on the fuel cell cathode oxygen reduction reaction.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a high-efficiency membrane electrode of a direct methanol fuel cell and belongs to the structure of a high-efficiency membrane electrode component of the direct methanol fuel cell and the technical field of manufacturing of structures of high-efficiency membrane electrode components. A proton exchange membrane is adopted as an electrolyte membrane by the membrane electrode, a platinum-ruthenium black catalyst and a platinum black catalyst are respectively adopted as a cathode catalyst and an anode catalyst, isopropyl alcohol and redistilled water are adopted as dispersing agents. During preparation, an ultrasound spray-coating technology is applied in a temperature field, the agglomeration morphology of catalyst particles is adjusted by the adjustment on factors such as ingredient proportioning and preparation environments of catalyst slurry, a proton channel with a nano wire structure is prepared in a catalytic layer, so that a continuous proton channel is established effectively in the microstructure of the prepared membrane electrode, the internal resistance of the cell is reduced, the electrochemical surface area of the electrode is increased, and therefore, the efficiency of the catalytic layer of the membrane electrode is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and discloses a Pt-loaded graphene hollow microspherical catalyst and a preparation method and an application therefor. The preparation method comprises the steps of (1) mixing an oxidized graphene water-dispersing solution with a silicon dioxide sphere-dispersing liquid, performing ultrasonic dispersion, freezing and drying to obtain an oxidized graphene / silicon dioxide sphere compound; (2) putting the compound into a tubular furnace for performing thermal processing to obtain black powder; adding the black powder into a strong alkali solution or a strong acid solution for stirring and reacting, filtering, washing and drying to obtain graphene hollow spherical powder; and (3) immersing the graphene hollow spherical powder into a chloroplatinic acid solution or a platinum nitrate solution, performing ultrasonic mixing, freezing and drying to obtain powder; putting the powder into the tubular furnace, performing heating and insulation treatment in an argon-hydrogen mixed gas, then naturally cooling to obtain the Pt-loaded graphene hollow microspherical catalyst. The catalyst prepared by the invention is better in electrocatalytic activity and stability on methanol oxidation.

The invention discloses a multiwalled carbon nanotube-loaded PdSn catalyst based on a deep eutectic solvent and a preparation method and application of the catalyst, and relates to a simple and novel method for preparing an anode electrocatalyst for a direct formic acid fuel cell. According to the method, by taking a deep eutectic solvent as a medium, the catalyst is prepared by using a chemical reduction method. The preparation method of the catalyst is simple in process, and mild and environmentally friendly in operating condition. The dimension of catalyzing nano-particles can be obviously reduced by using a deep eutectic solvent system, so that the metal nanoparticles grow along the surface of a carbon nano tube and are agglomerated to form a special chain-like cluster structure, the electrochemical activity surface area of noble metals is increased, and moreover, the charge transfer interaction among the components in a composite material catalyst is further enhanced. Therefore, the electrocatalytic activity and stability of the catalyst on formic acid oxidation are hugely improved, and the catalyst has the excellent anti-CO poisoning capacity.

The invention discloses noble-metal / vertical-grown layered-double-hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets for a methanol fuel-cell catalyst and a preparation method of the noble-metal / vertical-grown LDH nanosheets. The method comprises the steps: firstly, washing a template required for LDH growth, and then, carrying out etching; then, putting the template material into a mixed solution of two or three precursor metal salts required for LDH growth by using a hydrothermal reaction, adding a certain mass of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) into the solution, carrying out a reaction at a certain temperature, and then, carrying out cooling, so as to obtain LDH nanosheets which are vertically grown on the surface of the template material; finally, placing the obtained vertically-grown LDH nanosheets into a solution of one or more noble metal salts, of which the pH is adjusted to be in a certain range, and carrying out a redox reaction, thereby obtaining the noble-metal / vertical-grown LDH nanosheets. According to the noble metal support prepared by using the method disclosed by the invention, the LDH nanosheets are vertically grown on the surface of the template material, so that a larger specific surface area is provided for the loading of a noble metal catalyst, and LDH grown on the template material has a better rigid structure.

The invention provides a metal anode for an aqueous solution electrolysis system. The metal anode is characterized in that a porous metal material is adopted to serve as a matrix, and the surface of the porous metal material is loaded with a highly active catalyst. The porous metal material has a large specific surface area and is advantageous for increasing electrode active area, reducing current density and loading the catalyst. The porous metal material can be prepared by adopting a powder metallurgic method. The metal anode provided by the invention can be used for the aqueous solution electrolysis system, particularly a membrane electrolytic sodium carbonate solution system, and can be used for decreasing e oxygen evolution over potential to reduce power consumption.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a hydrogen fuel cell catalyst. According to the method, a triblock copolymer P123 is adopted to take as a protectant and a reductant simultaneously, thereby being environment-friendly and pollution-free; a carbon-supported PtNi intermetallic compound catalyst has a high catalytic ability in an oxidation-reduction reaction, so the problem of a catalyst resource confronted by an existing fuel cell is solved; compared with a traditional Pt / C catalyst, the usage of a precious metal is reduced and the utilization rate of the catalyst is improved; moreover, by using an intermetallic synergistic effect, the catalytic ability of the catalyst to an oxygen reduction reaction is improved; liquid phase reduction based uniform deposition and heat treatment are adopted by the method, so compared with the traditional method for preparing the catalyst, the steps are simple and convenient; and as a carbon carrier adopted by the method and subjected to surface modified treatment has a stable structure and a huge specific surface area, the uniform dispersion and attachment of platinum-nickel nanoparticles can be promoted, the electrochemically active surface area of catalyst nanoparticles is increased and the catalytic efficiency is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of catalytic materials, and provides a preparation method of a nitrogen-doped MXene Pd-loaded catalyst. According to the preparation method,an MXene material is etched by using an HF solution, and the etching time is controlled, so that an MXene carrier can be fully stripped into a layered material, and collapse of the layered material caused by excessive stripping can be prevented, the MXene carrier has a relatively large electrochemical activity surface area, so that the MXene carrier has excellent activity; nitrogen doping is carried out on the MXene carrier by utilizing a nitrogen source through a hydrothermal reaction, and on one hand, the catalytic activity of the material can be improved through the nitrogen doping, on the other hand, the stability of the MXene carrier can be improved; and pd is uniformly formed on the nitrogen-doped MXene carrier by controlling reaction temperature and time, so that the catalytic activity of the nitrogen-doped MXene Pd-loaded catalyst can be remarkably improved. The catalyst provided by the invention has excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an electronic skin biofuel cell and the biofuel cell. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing an anode and cathode substrate, which is provided with a bottom electron conduction layer of a biological anode and a bottom electron conduction layer of a biological cathode; printing the prepared anode material on an anode site of the substrate, printing the prepared cathode material on a cathode site of the substrate, performing activating treatment on the carbon nano tube, and performing ball milling on a mixture of the carbonnano tube and naphthoquinone in an argon atmosphere; mixing and stirring the mixture with acetic acid, glutaraldehyde, deionized water, chitosan and lactate oxidase to obtain a sol-like anode material; carrying out activating treatment on carbon nanotubes, carrying out ball milling in a nitrogen atmosphere, and mixing and stirring the mixture with perfluororesin and deionized water to obtain thesol-like cathode material. According to the invention, a rapid electron transmission path is obtained by bonding graphene and carbon nanotubes, and then the carbon nanotubes are modified to obtain theflexible biofuel cell with high power density.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a nitrogen-doped graphene loaded core-shell-shaped copper-carbon composite catalyst for producing formic acid through electro-catalysis of carbon dioxide, relates to a preparation method of a nitrogen-doped graphene loaded core-shell-shaped copper-carbon composite catalyst, and aims to solve the problems of poor product selectivity and low stabilityof the existing porous carbon supported metal catalyst. The method comprises the following steps: 1, preparing a precursor solution; 2, hydrothermal reaction; 3, cleaning and drying; 4, carbonizing the product. The preparation method is used for preparing the nitrogen-doped graphene loaded core-shell-shaped copper-carbon composite catalyst for producing formic acid through electro-catalysis of carbon dioxide.

The invention discloses an electrolysis anode plate and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of uniformly coating a substrate with an intermediate layer coating solution; and then, uniformly electroplating an intermediate layer of the substrate with an electroplating solution, and carrying out drying to obtain the electrolysis anode plate. The surface electrochemical activity surface area of a plating of the prepared electrolysis anode plate is larger, so that the electrolysis anode plate has more chemical reactivity sites during the utilization process, has extremely high electrochemical reactivity, facilitates decomposition of catalytic water, and is applied to the aspects of electrolysis dehydration, ectrolysed water and electrotransformation gas.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a nitrogen doped graphene supported Pd catalyst. The method includes the following steps of a, adding nitrogen doped graphene to distilled water to be subjected to ultrasonic treatment to obtain a nitrogen doped graphene solution; b, dissolving PdCl2 in water to prepare a PdCl2 solution with the concentration of 0.05 mol / L, and conducting ultrasonic treatment to adjust the pH value of the PdCl2 solution to be 7-8; c, adding potassium borohydride to a sufficient amount of distilled water to be just dissolved to prepare a potassium borohydride solution; d, mixing the nitrogen doped graphene solution prepared in the step a and the PdCl2 solution prepared in the step b, and heating the mixed solution to be 50-60 DEG C; e, slowly adding the mixed solution processed in the step d to the potassium borohydride solution; f, making the mixed solution with potassium borohydride added react at 50-60 DEG C; g, conducting suction filtering, washing and drying on the product obtained through reaction in the step f to prepare the nitrogen doped graphene supported Pd catalyst.

The invention provides a ruthenium-iridium titanium-based metal oxide electrode material based on a core-shell structure, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electrochemistry. According to the invention, the novel electrode material has a core-shell structure, wherein the iridium oxide active component coats the ruthenium oxide active component through chemical bond acting force to form a nano-scale ordered assembly framework, so that the stability of iridium oxide and the catalytic activity of ruthenium oxide are adjusted to achieve advantage complementation, the defect that the ruthenium active component in the traditional anode coating is selectively dissolved and fall off is overcome, the stability of the electrode under the low-temperature condition is remarkably improved, and the service life is greatly prolonged; and the electrode structure has more electrochemical active sites and large electrochemical active surface area, has improved chlorine evolution current efficiency under the low-temperature condition, and is particularly suitable for seawater electrolysis pollution prevention, electrolysis production of sodium hypochlorite, ship ballast water treatment and the like under the low-temperature seawater chlorine evolution environment.

The invention discloses a nitrogen-doped-graphene-loaded Pd catalyst. The nitrogen-doped-graphene-loaded Pd catalyst is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of nitrogen-doped graphene, 15-30 parts of PdCl<2> and 300-320 parts of potassium borohydride. The invention also discloses a preparation method for the nitrogen-doped-graphene-loaded Pd catalyst. The catalyst prepared by the invention has a larger desorption peak area, more excellent catalytic activity, higher oxidation-reduction catalytic performance and stability, and a larger catalyst electrochemical activity surface area, thereby improving the dispersity of Pd nanoparticles and lowering agglomeration of the Pd particles.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a stainless steel-based micro-nano array beta-PbO2 anode material, and belongs to the technical field of metal oxide lead dioxide anode materials. The method comprises the following steps that a stainless steel plate is used as a base body for electrodeposition of a beta-PbO2 layer, an AAO template is prepared on a stainless steel-based beta-PbO2 layer, the AAO template is characterized in that the hole diameter is monodisperse, the hole length-diameter ratio is high, hole ways are distributed uniformly, the hole density is high, hole amphoteric oxide is convenient to remove, the hole ways are parallel to one another and perpendicular to the surface of a base plate, holes are independent from one another, the holes are prevented from being intersected due to hole inclination, and the controllability of the hole diameter is high, a beta-PbO2 nanowire is electrodeposited in microholes of the AAO template through an electrodeposition method,and the stainless steel-based micro-nano array beta-PbO2 anode material is obtained by dissolving the AAO template through a chemical method. The anode material prepared through the method has the advantageous performances that the stability is good, the corrosion resistance is high, the oxidizability is high, the service life is long, the conductivity is high, a large current can be conducted, the micro-nano array of the anode material has controllability, an electrochemical active surface area of an electrode can be effectively expanded, and the electrocatalysis performance can be improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of material science and the field of energy conservation and environmental protection, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a nickel-tungsten composite electrode and application of the nickel-tungsten composite electrode in electrocatalytic oxidation. The nickel-tungsten composite electrode is prepared by adopting a simple step-by-step electro-deposition method, the electrode system takes tungsten-doped nickel as a catalytic active center, and the nickel-tungsten composite electrode can efficiently oxidize water or biomass derivative platform compounds in an alkaline medium, so that the overall overpotential in the process of producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water is greatly reduced, the overall charge efficiency in the process is improved, and the hydrogen production efficiency is improved. And good stability is shown. The raw materials required by the preparation process are wide in source, low in price, simple to operate, mild in reaction condition, clean and environment-friendly, the reaction cost can be effectively reduced, and environmental pollution and consumption of rare metals are avoided.

The invention provides a preparation method and application of a nanowire-structured copper / cuprous sulfide / copper mesh electrode material, the method takes a copper mesh as a substrate, cuprous sulfide nanorods grow on the copper mesh substrate by chemical oxidation and gas phase vulcanization methods to obtain an electrode material, and the electrode material is subjected to electrochemical reduction to obtain the nanowire-structured copper / cuprous sulfide / copper mesh electrode material. A copper / cuprous sulfide nanowire / copper mesh electrode is formed, and the surface chemistry is shown as Cu / Cu2S / CM; wherein Cu / Cu2S is of a nanowire net structure. The material is characterized in that the copper / cuprous sulfide nanowires grown on the copper mesh are uniformly distributed, and the copper / cuprous sulfide nanowires have abundant elemental copper and cuprous sulfide interfaces. The electrode material is used for generating ethanol through electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide and has good catalytic performance, and under the overpotential of-0.8 V (vs RHE, relative to a reversible hydrogen electrode), the initial current can reach 12.8-13.5 mA cm <-2 >, the selectivity of ethanol reaches 9.8-13.8%, the yield of ethanol reaches 982.5-987.3 [mu] mol.L <-1 >. H <-1 >, and the double-electric-layer capacitance value of the electrode reaches 19.18-20.50 mF cm <-1 >.

The invention discloses a super-structure Pd-Cu alloy. The super-structure Pd-Cu alloy is characterized in that the content of palladium and copper components in the Pd-Cu super-structure alloy is close to 1 to 1. A preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) adding a surfactant and a reducing agent together into a water solution; stirring at a room temperature for 10 to 30 minutes, wherein the mass ratio of the surfactant to the reducing agent ranges from (1 to 3) to (3 to 1), and the added water needs to completely dissolve the surfactant and the reducing agent; (2) adding a metal palladium salt precursor solution and a metal copper salt precursor solution into the mixed solution obtained by the step (1) respectively at a volume ratio ranging from (50 to 1 to 1) to (5 to 1 to 1); stirring at a room temperature for 10 to 30 minutes, wherein the concentrations of the metal salt precursor solutions are 0.1 to 1mol / L; (3) stirring the mixed solution obtained by the step (2) for 5 to 30 minutes at a room temperature, reacting in a high-pressure kettle for 1.5 to 3 hours and controlling the temperature to be 190 to 230 DEG C; and (4) cooling a product obtained by the step (3) and washing, and centrifuging and separating to obtain the super-structure Pd-Cu alloy.

The invention discloses a nickel / molybdenum selenide bifunctional composite catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of new energy materials and electrochemical energy storage. Foamed nickel is washed with diluted hydrochloric acid, deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, then selenium dioxide, sodium molybdate and nickel acetate are dissolved in the deionized water, and a precursor sample is prepared in a standard three-electrode system by taking a graphite rod as a counter electrode, taking the foamed nickel as a working electrode and taking silver / silver chloride as a reference electrode through a simple electro-deposition method; and after electro-deposition is finished, the prepared precursor sample is washed with the deionized water and is dried, and the nickel / molybdenum selenide bifunctional composite catalyst is obtained. The low-cost and efficient nickel / molybdenum selenide bifunctional electrocatalyst is prepared through simple electrodeposition, and the material shows low overpotential and good stability in a hydrogen evolution reaction and an oxygen evolution reaction and is suitable for application and popularization.

The invention belongs to the technical field of water electrolysis hydrogen production, and discloses a preparation method and application of a hydrogen evolution material Pt-CoP, MoF is used as a frame, and a dice-shaped hollow structure is finally obtained by adopting a self-template method, P treatment, high-temperature calcination in argon and reduction. According to the structure, the electrochemical active surface area is effectively increased, contact between the material and electrolyte is facilitated, the mass transfer rate is accelerated, and the catalytic performance is effectively improved. The dice-shaped hollow CoP carrier is prepared, the contact area of an electrolyte and active sites is greatly increased, and the mass transfer rate is increased. Due to introduction of Pt, the content of precious metal is reduced, an electronic structure is modified, and electrons are transferred from Pt to a CoP carrier. The synergistic effect between Pt and CoP improves the catalytic performance of the material. In an acidic solution, Pt-CoP shows excellent hydrogen evolution performance and stability, and is suitable for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a Pt open hollow sphere structure catalyst. The method is characterized in that the Pt open hollow sphere structure catalyst is prepared through a one-step chemical reduction method; and the method specifically comprises the steps of adding 4.0mg of Pt (acac)2, 10-80mg of lauryl sodium sulfate (SDS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to a container containing 8mL of a choline chloride / ethylene glycol eutectic solvent (DES) separately; carrying out ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 10min, magnetically stirring for 5min and then carrying outmixing reaction on the obtained suspension at 110-160 DEG C for 0.5-5h; and centrifuging and washing a reaction product to obtain the Pt open hollow sphere structure catalyst. The method has the advantages of being simple in operation process, few in steps and mild and controllable in conditions, can be successfully synthesized in one step and has a good application prospect; the Pt open hollow sphere structure catalyst prepared through the method has the characteristics of being large in aperture and high in electrochemically active surface area; and the utilization efficiency of a noble metal Pt and the electrocatalytic activity and stability of the noble metal Pt on methanol oxidation can be improved.

The invention discloses a making method of platinum-on-carbon based catalyst in the fuel battery, which comprises the following steps: adding the metal salt pioneer body, complexing agent and alcohol reducer in the organic solvent; stirring at atmospheric temperature; adding alkaline material; adjusting the pH value; protecting heat reflux through nitrogen or in the autoclave; adding the carbon carrier to stir at atmospheric temperature; diffusing the metal sol particle evenly on the carbon carrier; adding acid material to adjust the pH value; adding second distilled water to break sol through ultrasonic shock; filtering the filter cake until the Cl- is not detected; drying the vacuum; cooling; grinding to produce the platinum-on-carbon based catalyst within Pt / C, Pt-Ru / C, Pt-Ru-Ir / C, Pt / CNT, Pt-Ru / CNT and Pt-Ru-Ir / CNT.

The invention discloses an electrolysis anode plate and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of uniformly coating a substrate with an intermediate layer coating solution; and then, uniformly electroplating an intermediate layer of the substrate with an electroplating solution, and carrying out drying to obtain the electrolysis anode plate. The surface electrochemical activity surface area of a plating of the prepared electrolysis anode plate is larger, so that the electrolysis anode plate has more chemical reactivity sites during the utilization process, has extremely high electrochemical reactivity, facilitates decomposition of catalytic water, and is applied to the aspects of electrolysis dehydration, ectrolysed water and electrotransformation gas.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a stainless steel-based micro-nano array beta-PbO2 anode material, and belongs to the technical field of metal oxide lead dioxide anode materials. The method comprises the following steps that a stainless steel plate is used as a base body for electrodeposition of a beta-PbO2 layer, an AAO template is prepared on a stainless steel-based beta-PbO2 layer, the AAO template is characterized in that the hole diameter is monodisperse, the hole length-diameter ratio is high, hole ways are distributed uniformly, the hole density is high, hole amphoteric oxide is convenient to remove, the hole ways are parallel to one another and perpendicular to the surface of a base plate, holes are independent from one another, the holes are prevented from being intersected due to hole inclination, and the controllability of the hole diameter is high, a beta-PbO2 nanowire is electrodeposited in microholes of the AAO template through an electrodeposition method,and the stainless steel-based micro-nano array beta-PbO2 anode material is obtained by dissolving the AAO template through a chemical method. The anode material prepared through the method has the advantageous performances that the stability is good, the corrosion resistance is high, the oxidizability is high, the service life is long, the conductivity is high, a large current can be conducted, the micro-nano array of the anode material has controllability, an electrochemical active surface area of an electrode can be effectively expanded, and the electrocatalysis performance can be improved.

A solid-phase reduction method for preparing the Pt / C catalyst used for fuel battery includes such steps as adding metallic salt and complexing agent to solvent, ultrasonic dissolving, adding alkaline substance to regulate pH=8-11, adding C carrier, ultrasonic mixing, vacuum drying, grinding, immersing in the aqueous solution of reducer, vacuum drying, grinding, reducing reaction in N2, cooling in N2, water washing, and vacuum drying. Said catalyst may be Pt / C, Pt-Ru / C, Pt-Mo-Si / C, Pt-Ru-Mo-Si / C, Pt / CNT, Pt-Ru / CNT, Pt-Mo-Si / CNT, or Pt-Ru-Mo-Si / CNT.

The invention relates to a solid contact polymer film lead ion selective electrode and its application. Solid-contact polymer film lead ion-selective electrode is synthesized by liquid-liquid interfacial co-precipitation method with hexagonal disc-like morphology bimodal pores C60 with macropore and mesoporous structure deposited on glassy carbon as ion-electronic conducting layer electrode surface with a sensitive membrane attached to the ion-electron conducting layer. The conductive layer C60 material used in the present invention has a dual-mode pore structure, which can increase the electrochemically active surface area of ​​the material and accelerate the ion-electron conduction rate. The electrophoretic deposition method can form a layer of dense double-mode porous C60 film on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode, which enhances the stability of the solid contact polymer film lead ion selective electrode. The preparation of this new type of polymer film lead ion selective electrode based on the double-mode hole C60 solid contact layer is fast and simple, and does not need to be time-consuming and laborious like the drop coating method, which improves the practicability of the electrode.

The invention discloses defect-rich metal bismuth as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The defect-rich metal bismuth is flaky nanoparticles containing defect amorphous phases, wherein the flaky nanoparticles are distributed in a region on a metal bismuth crystal phase; the crystal face index of the main exposed crystal face of the metal bismuth crystal phase is (012); the defects include one or more of vacancies, dislocations or grain boundaries. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) adding bismuth neolaurate and a surfactant into an organic solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a solution A; (2) adding a reducing agent into the solution A, and uniformly stirring to obtain a solution B; and (3) putting the solution B into a closed reaction kettle, carrying out solvothermal reaction, naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifugally washing, and drying to obtain the defect-rich metal bismuth. The CO2RR formic acid production selectivity of the defect-rich metal bismuth is high, the current density is high, the electrochemical active surface area is large, the charge transfer resistance is low, and the stability is good. The method is simple in process, safe, low in cost and suitable for industrial production.