The invention discloses an agricultural rotary tillage sowing machine. The agricultural rotary tillage sowing machine comprises seed falling devices, a rotary tillage knife roll, a fertilizer broadcasting hopper, a straw smashing disc, a fertilizer storage barrel, a seed box and a sowing rack. A header is arranged at the front end of the sowing rack, the header is provided with an upper hood, the straw smashing disc is installed at the tail of the hood, the fertilizer broadcasting hopper is arranged behind the straw smashing disc, the upper portion of the fertilizer broadcasting hopper is communicated with the fertilizer storage barrel, the rotary tillage knife roll is installed behind the fertilizer broadcasting hopper, multiple ditch pressing wheels are installed at the rear end of the rotary tillage knife roll, one seed falling device is arranged behind each ditch pressing wheel, and the upper portions of the seed falling devices are communicated with the seed box. The agricultural rotary tillage sowing machine is compact in structure and convenient to use, crop straw is effectively smashed, fertilizer is convenient to broadcast, the rotary tillage effect is good, sowing and seed earthing burying are convenient, the bottom flattening effect is good, one machine achieves multiple purposes, the sowing quality and efficiency are improved, and the cost of agricultural rotary tillage sowing is reduced.