The invention discloses a portable outdoor water sample taking and detecting device which comprises a motor, a pulley, a steel wire rope, a sampling bucket, a detection probe and a water level sensor.The device is simple in structure, the central shaft of the pulley is connected with the motor, the steel wire rope is positioned in the groove of the pulley, one end of the steel wire rope is connected with the sampling bucket; the detection probe is positioned in the sampling bucket, the pulley is driven to rotate by the motor, the steel wire rope rotates along with the pulley, the sampling bucket can be automatically released into a well, the sampling bucket can be submersed into water to take water samples because of the weight of the sampling bucket self, moreover, a part of indexes canbe detected once the detection probe is in contact with the water samples, the indexes can be transmitted to a mobile terminal or a remote server, and the water level in the sampling bucket can be monitored by using the water level sensor, so that the detection data truth and the reliability can be improved; through reverse rotation of the motor, the sampling bucket with the water samples can be automatically lifted outside the well through the steel wire rope, so that the working intensity can be greatly alleviated.