The invention relates to a communication multi-level protection method based on an intelligent optical network, and belongs to the technical field of a communication network. The method provided by the invention utilizes programmable and automatic adjustment functions of the intelligent optical network, uses characteristics of large transmission bandwidth and small delay of the optical network, carries out differentiated protection on operation requests with different importance degrees, and solves a problem that breakage of a single optical fiber easily results in severe impacts. On the one hand, the level differentiated protection can provide targeted protection, high-level operations adopt services with a high protection level, low-level operations adopt services with a low protection level, the resource utilization rate is improved, the difficulty in searching a protection path is simplified, and the operation time is reduced; and on the other hand, the utilization rate of the bandwidth is improved through a shared protection function of the medium protection level and the low protection level, and corresponding reserved network resources can also be enabled to carry out dormancy, thereby saving electric energy consumption.