Two-branch one-trunk forming and planting method and reshaping method for apple trees

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-branch one-trunk forming and planting method and a reshaping method for apple trees, which belong to the field of fruit tree cultivation and fruit tree ecology. The two-branch one-trunk forming method for the apple trees comprises the steps of cultivating each tree as high as 2.8m to 3.2m, and cultivating two main branches extending towards between lines on a middle trunk above the ground by 80cm to 100cm, thus forming an oblate conical crown. The two-branch one-trunk forming and planting method realizes close planting in wide lines, facilitates mechanical operation and labor-saving cultivation, reduces the labor cost, has high yield and good benefits compared with other tree forms with main branches in beginning ten years, and promotes the development of the dwarf apple trees.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the fields of fruit tree cultivation and fruit tree ecology, and relates to a tree shape with two branches and one trunk of an apple tree, a planting method and a shaping method thereof. Background technique [0002] Apple trees are light-loving trees, and the light received and distributed by the canopy have an important impact on the quality of apple fruit. It has always been an important topic in the field of planting to study the maximum balanced utilization of various tree shapes for daylighting and dense planting. Before the 1960s, the world's apples were dominated by arborization and sparse planting, and the tree shape was scattered and layered. However, there were disadvantages such as low early yield, tall trees, labor-intensive management, and difficult management techniques. Since the 1970s, the main producing countries in the world have generally implemented the dwarf dense planting system, and planted about 80-160...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0003] Our country has mainly promoted the arborization and dense planting system. The tree shape adopts small canopy sparse layer shape, free spinner shape or improved spinner shape. Although these tree shapes are smaller than the evacuated layered tree crown, due to too many short cuts, the layer spacing is small , and because there are 3-5 large branches of the same age under the middle trunk, the phenomenon of neck jam is serious, and the tree shape is disordered in the peak fruiting period, resulting in closed orchards, poor ventilation and light transmission, low fruit tree yield, and poor quality.

In order to increase the yield, fruit growers have taken extremely complex and cumbersome technical measures such as carving, peeling, pulling, pruning in four seasons, digging roots and controlling crowns, but none of them have achieved the desired effect

In addition, due to the airtightness of the orchard, the spraying effect of the orchard is poor, the amount of application is large, the number of natural enemies is reduced, and there are hidden dangers in the quality and safety of apples.

In recent years, some areas in my country have tried to carry out thinning and tree shape transformation on canopy orchards. Through measures such as stem lifting, head drop, and density, the original small canopy thin layer shape, free spin shape, and improved spin shape have been transformed. It becomes a small crown with a happy shape, which solves the problem of ventilation and light transmission, and changes from a compact branch group to a loose long-axis branch group. The pruning technology is simple, but the thinning and reforming process requires a lot of labor, which will affect the output within 1-2 years. It is not easy for the masses. Accept, and with the transfer of rural labor force to the city, the rural labor force is obviously insufficient, and the dense planting method of arbor anvils can no longer adapt to the development of modern fruit industry.

[0004] In recent years, although my country has made some progress in dwarfing cultivation, due to the large investment in seedlings and frame materials, and the use of dwarfing intermediate stock in my country, the degree of dwarfing is relatively poor, the growth potential is strong, and there are many stalks in the young tree stage. It is labor-intensive to pull, hold, and transfer branches, and the shoots should be removed in time. When removing, the central trunk will cause scars and rot is prone to occur; the mature lateral branches must be constantly renewed

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