The invention discloses a sitting posture recognition desk lamp system and recognition method based on machine vision, and solves the problems that an existing desk lamp has no sitting posture correction function, or poor sitting postures cannot be distinguished by the sitting posture correction function, and targeted reminding cannot be performed. The system comprises a desk lamp side and a server side, the desk lamp side comprises a desk lamp, a camera, a controller, an upper computer, a reminder and a communication module, and the camera, the controller, the upper computer, the reminder andthe communication module are arranged in the desk lamp. The system acquires images, extracts coordinate information of human standard characteristic target point positions from the images, performs calculation and then recognizes and judges sitting postures of users according to preset conditions. The system is simple and reasonable and reminds the users of correcting wrong sitting postures. Theangle of the camera can be automatically adjusted, and the images are more effectively acquired to recognize the sitting postures. Humpback, head drop, head raising, head leaning and tilting behaviorsare judged according to the extracted human standard characteristic point positions, the poor sitting postures of humans can be more meticulously distinguished, and the users are reminded in a targeted manner.