A kind of planting method of sugar beet in the area of ​​severe cold and spring drought and windy weed damage

Abstract

The invention discloses a sugar beet planting method in an area severely harmed by high-cold spring drought and windy weeds. The method comprises: from April 15th to April 20th, sowing barley in a drill manner, and from May 5th to May 15th. Day, when the barley is 4-6 cm high, use a precision seeder to drill the sugar beets with a row spacing of 50-60 cm and a plant spacing of 16-18 cm. Squeeze while suppressing, and spray water in time after sowing; spray herbicide at the stage of a pair of true leaves of sugar beet, and 4 to 5 days after spraying herbicide, carry out weeding and weeding to remove weeds and barley seedlings on the back of the ridge . It is a sugar beet planting method suitable for popularization and application in areas with high cold, spring drought, windy and serious weed damage.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a sugar beet planting method in an area seriously damaged by high-cold spring drought and windy weeds. Background technique [0002] The area north of Daxing’an Mountains is commonly known as the Lingbei area. The climate is harsh and the temperature in spring is low. In 2018, a sugar factory with a daily processing capacity of 5,000 tons of sugar beets was built and put into operation in Erguna City. Take Erguna, which has a large area of ​​sugar beets, as an example , the lowest temperature in April is -16.0°C, the highest temperature is 23.5°C, the average temperature is 3°C, the lowest temperature in May is -3.1°C, the highest temperature is 29.5°C, and the average temperature in May is 11.8°C. Except for sowing wheat, other crops cannot be sown; the spring is dry and the precipitation in spring is low. According to the statistics for many years, the precipit...

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Problems solved by technology

[0002] The area north of Daxing’an Mountains is commonly known as the Lingbei area. The climate is harsh and the temperature in spring is low. In 2018, a sugar factory with a daily processing capacity of 5,000 tons of sugar beets was built and put into operation in Erguna City. Take Erguna, which has a large area of ​​sugar beets, as an example , the lowest temperature in April is -16.0°C, the highest temperature is 23.5°C, the average temperature is 3°C, the lowest temperature in May is -3.1°C, the highest temperature is 29.5°C, and the average temperature in May is 11.8°C. Except for sowing wheat, other crops cannot be sown; the spring is dry and the precipitation in spring is low. According to the statistics for many years, the precipitation from March to May is only 60 mm. Mainly rely on pumping and temporarily storing river water for sprinkling irrigation; the farmland in Lingbei is developed from low mountain pastures, and only a few farmlands are surrounded by protective forests. The average wind speed in Lingbei area from April to May is 2.4-3.0 m / s, There are thunderstorm days, sometimes wind and sand will destroy the seedlings in the farmland, and the phenomenon of seed destruction occurs almost every year; the farmland is surrounded by pastures, so there are many weeds in the farmland. Good control, it is a bit difficult to use herbicides to control broad-leaf weeds, mainly because the seedling age of weeds is uneven. The application effect is good, but the climate in Lingbei area is dry, and the effect of herbicide is not exerted. The common practice is to increase the amount of herbicide and increase the frequency of herbicide application. Although the growth of weeds is controlled to a certain extent, but It also reduces sugar beet production, increases costs, and pollutes the environment; the effective accumulated temperature of Lingbei ≥ 10°C is only about 2100°C, the average frost-free period is about 110 days, and the frost-free period exceeds 120 days in only 2 years in 10 years. This special natural condition It was decided that crops with a long growth period such as corn cannot be planted here, and only wheat, barley, rape, and a small amount of potatoes can be grown here. The average minimum temperature in Lingbei area in September is -5.5°C, and the average maximum temperature is 27.9°C. The temperature is 6.6 degrees, and in some years it snows in early September, so the sugar beets must be harvested in the middle and late September, and the harvest must be completed in a short time; the crop yield in the Lingbei area is low, but the amount of fertilizer is relatively large, due to the large amount of chemical fertilizers used for many years Under the action of the two factors of low crop biological yield and less nutrients taken away, a large amount of available nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are accumulated in the scope of the plow layer, and at the same time, due to the leaching of nitrogen, the root layer A large amount of available nitrogen has accumulated in the range. The results of the soil samples of several state-owned farms in the Lingbei area show that the available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the range of 0-30 cm plow layer are 152mg / kg, 42mg / kg and 213mg respectively. / kg, the available nitrogen at 30-60 cm is 86 mg / kg, and the available nitrogen at 60-90 cm is 61 mg / kg, which shows that the available nitrogen in the soil is very rich. Although the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is relatively rich, the Lingbei area The ground temperature is low in the early stage of crop growth, how to activate and utilize these effective Nutrients are especially important

[0003] According to the climate characteristics, soil characteristics and biological characteristics of sugar beets in the Lingbei area, there are advantages and disadvantages for planting sugar beets in the Lingbei area. The advantages are the cold climate, large temperature difference between day and night, and rapid accumulation of sugar in sugar beets. Sugar beet is not easily infected with brown spot disease, and the pest damage is also light. The disadvantages are as follows: most of the farmland in Lingbei area has no protective forest, and the wind is strong in spring, and the wind and sand are easy to kill or "bury" the seedlings; More application of herbicides leads to sugar beet yield reduction; the low soil temperature in the early stage of sugar beet growth makes the utilization efficiency of available nutrients in the soil low; due to the high soil available nitrogen nutrients in the root layer of 0-90 cm of soil, and the heavy rainfall in July and August, sugar beet growth In the middle and late stages, the stems and leaves grow leggy, and the field canopy is severe, which is not conducive to the yield and the formation of higher sugar content; the frost-free period is short, the effective accumulated temperature is low, and the sugar beet yield is low; the climate is unstable in September, and snowfall is early in some years, so timely harvesting is required