This application discloses a method for determining the
functional activity of the
alternative complement pathway (AP50) in animal serum and its application. The method includes: preparing a reaction buffer containing
magnesium and
calcium chelating agents; washing red blood cells with the reaction buffer and adjusting the
red blood cell concentration to a preset range by measuring the
absorbance value after complete
lysis; serially diluting the animal serum to be tested with the reaction buffer, mixing it with a standardized
red blood cell suspension, and incubating to induce a hemolytic reaction; after terminating the reaction, measuring the
absorbance value of
hemoglobin in the supernatant, calculating the
hemolysis rate at each
dilution, determining the serum
dilution factor corresponding to 50%
hemolysis, and using its reciprocal as the AP50 value. This application selectively activates the alternative pathway using a disclosed buffer formulation and eliminates batch-to-batch variability in red blood cells through
absorbance standardization. It has advantages such as self-
controllability, good reproducibility, low cost, and wide species adaptability, and can be widely used in immunological research and
drug safety evaluation.