The invention discloses an automatic rail cable machining device which comprises a fixed base plate, a left motor support, a right motor support, two motors and a hauling mechanism, wherein a left baffle provided with an adjusting threaded hole is fixed on the outer side of the left motor support, a right baffle provided with an adjusting threaded hole is fixed on the outer side of the right motor support, a left connecting plate provided with a driving threaded hole is fixed on the outer side of the left baffle, a right connecting plate provided with a driving threaded hole is fixed on the outer side of the right baffle, the left connecting plate and the right connecting plate are located between two linear guide rails, a ground groove is formed in the end face, opposite to the left baffle, of a left fixed base, a ground groove is formed in the end face, opposite to the right baffle, of a right fixed base, two springs are mounted on screws of two limiting bolts in a sleeved mode respectively and located between the left fixed base and the left baffle and between the right fixed base and the right baffle respectively, a left oiling groove and a right oiling groove are formed in a shield, and the left oiling groove and the right oiling groove are located over a left round cutting piece and a right round cutting piece respectively. According to the automatic rail cable machining device, cutting depth can be adjusted dynamically, parameters can be adjusted flexibly by operators according to the characteristics of products and working conditions, generality is high, a cable core is further effectively protected, and danger factors existing in manual or mechanical cutting are also avoided.