The invention provides a medicament or a health-care food composition for preventing or / and treating erythremia. The medicament or the health-care food composition is prepared from the following bulk pharmaceuticals in parts by weight: 200-400 parts of rhodiola rosea, 200-400 parts of emblic leaf flower fruit, 100-300 parts of sea buckthorn and 50-150 parts of dried ginger. The invention further provides a preparation method and an application of the composition. The medicament is used for preventing or / and treating, has a physical fatigue relieving function, and has a definite action; and a new option is provided for clinical use.