139results about How to "Keep the thickness" patented technology

A moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) produces liquid products from a gaseous substrate of CO and/or CO₂/H₂ using a biomass that grows on the surface of carrier suspended in a fermentation broth into which the gaseous substrate is at least partially dissolved. The injection devices include gas spargers and preferably a high efficiency gas transfer system such as jet or slot aerator/gas transfer devices. The gas injection device creates eddy currents in the surrounding liquid for thoroughly mixing the fermentation broth in a fermentation vessel. Gas bubbles from the gas delivery device rise through the liquid surface and provide additional mixing and gas dissolution. The motion of gas and liquid keeps the biomass carrier moving can also provide sufficient shear so as to maintain the biofilm thickness on the biomass carrier media in the desirable range. The result of combining a MBBR system for gaseous components of CO and/or CO₂/H₂ with a highly efficient gas transfer system results in an economical and high product volumetric production rate system for producing liquid fuels such as ethanol.

An implant and a process for preparing such an implant are disclosed. The implant includes a porous layer including collagen, a non-porous layer including a collagenic constituent, and a reinforcement component. The non-porous layer is joined to the porous layer and the reinforcement member is embedded into the non-porous layer. The porous layer has a three dimensional density ranging from about 20 mg collagen/cm³ to about 200 mg collagen/cm³.

Optical analytical devices and their methods of use are provided. The devices are useful in the analysis of highly multiplexed optical reactions in large numbers at high densities, including biochemical reactions, such as nucleic acid sequencing reactions. The devices include optical waveguides for illumination of the optical reactions. The devices further provide for the efficient coupling of optical excitation energy from the waveguides to the optical reactions. Optical signals emitted from the reactions can thus be measured with high sensitivity and discrimination using features such as spectra, amplitude, and time resolution, or combinations thereof. The devices of the invention are well suited for miniaturization and high throughput.

In a method for cleaning a wafer, the wafer is placed a processing chamber. A layer or film of liquid is provided on the wafer. Electrically charged aerosol droplets of a liquid are formed and directed to the workpiece. The charged aerosol particles accumulate on the workpiece. This creates an electrical charge on the workpiece. Contaminant particles on the workpiece are released and/or repelled by the electrical charge and are carried away in the liquid layer. The liquid layer is optionally continuously replenished with fresh liquid. The liquid layer may be thinned out in a localized aerosol impingement area, via a jet of gas, to allow the electrical charge of the aerosol to better collect on or near the surface of the workpiece.

A plasma etch process for forming a high aspect ratio contact opening through a silicon oxide layer is disclosed. The silicon oxide layer is plasma etched using etch gases that include at least one organic fluorocarbon gas. At least one etch gas is used that includes one or more nitrogen-comprising gases to deposit a surface polymeric material during the etching for maintaining a masking layer over the silicon oxide layer. The method of the invention achieves a complete and anistropic etching of a contact opening having a high aspect ratio and the desired dimensions.

The reciprocating pump for performing a pumping action by reciprocating an individual reciprocating member inside a plurality of cylinder sections arranged in parallel includes a seal case in which a cylinder section is formed and which functions as an independent pressure-resistant container; and a suction valve and a discharge valve in which a valve chamber is formed individually and each of which functions as an independent pressure-resistant container. The suction valve and the discharge valve are coupled so as to sandwich two planar sections from a direction perpendicular to a direction in which a plurality of cylinder sections are arranged in parallel in a state in which each of the suction valve and the discharge valve abuts against the respective one of the two planar sections of an external surface of a small diameter section at a front end side formed in the seal case, and the valve chamber is communicatively connected to the cylinder section. Thereby, the cylinder distance can be reduced while maintaining the thickness between cylinders and the assembling is facilitated.

A yttria sintered body contains an amount of silicon carbide within a range of 5 to 40% by volume, has a volume resistivity at room temperature within a range of 1×10¹ to 1×10¹⁷Ω·cm, and is adapted for application to an electrostatic chuck.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a touch panel device. A touch panel device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a touch panel and a touch panel controller for controlling the touch panel, wherein the touch panel includes a lower electrode layer, a solid insulating layer disposed on the lower electrode layer, a fluent insulating layer disposed on the solid insulating layer, and an upper electrode layer disposed on the fluent insulating layer.

Various embodiments of the invention relate to etching processes used in fabrication of MTJ cells in an MRAM device. The various embodiments can be used in combination with each other. The first embodiment adds a hard mask buffer layer between a hard mask and a top electrode. The second embodiment uses a multilayered etching hard mask. The third embodiment uses a multilayered top electrode structure including a first Cu layer under a second layer such as Ta. The fourth embodiment is a two-phase etching process used for the bottom electrode to remove re-deposited material while maintaining a more vertical sidewall etching profile. In the first phase the bottom electrode layer is removed using carbonaceous reactive ion etching until the endpoint. In the second phase an inert gas and/or oxygen plasma is used to remove the polymer that was deposited during the previous etching processes.

A flexible element has a flexible support comprising two or more layers with different modulus of elasticities in bound contact with each other, and at least one thin film wherein the total thickness of the thin film(s) is less than the total thickness of the flexible support at any point of contact between the support and the thin film(s); and at least one thin film is deposited on the outer surface of the layer of the flexible support having the higher elastic modulus.

An aluminum wire press-clamping terminal is press-clamped to an aluminum wire having a conductor portion in which a plurality of aluminum- or aluminum alloy-made strands are twisted. The aluminum wire press-clamping terminal includes: a bottom plate portion for placing the conductor portion thereon; a pair of caulking piece portions which are extended from the bottom plate portion and adapted to be caulked to the conductor portion on the bottom plate portion to hold the conductor portion therebetween; and at least one groove and at least one convex portion which are formed on contact surfaces of the bottom plate portion and the pair of caulking piece portions, the contact surfaces being adapted to contact the conductor portion. The convex portion extends in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the conductor portion.

A turbine airfoil includes opposite pressure and suction sidewalls, and extends in chord between opposite leading and trailing edges and in span from a root to an outer tip cap. The tip cap bridges the sidewalls, and a flute extends chordally along the pressure sidewall and below the tip cap.

Disclosed is a radiation image capturing apparatus including the following. A sensor panel includes a plurality of radiation detecting elements aligned two-dimensionally. A case stores the sensor panel. A ventilation hole is provided in the case. A ventilation filter is provided in the ventilation hole and prevents infiltration of liquid into the case. Air flows in and out of the case through the ventilation hole and a thickness of the case is maintained at a predetermined thickness when outside pressure changes.

Discussed herein is a liquid-crystal display (LCD) device. In one example, the LCD device includes a substrate having a plurality of sub-pixel areas and a black matrix area. The LCD device further includes a black matrix, color filters to cover the side portions of black matrix, and a planarization layer. A plurality of column spacers are disposed on the planarization layer at locations corresponding to locations where the black matrix are disposed. The black matrix is in direct contact with the planarization layer at locations where the plurality of column spacers is disposed. Accordingly, the color filters do not overlap one another at locations where the column spacers are formed. As a result, a difference between heights of the plurality of column spacers can be maintained within a target range, and the durability of the LCD device can be improved.

A method of fabricating a liquid film is provided. The method comprises the steps of applying hydrophilic liquid onto a substrate with an electrode formed thereunder, covering the hydrophilic liquid with a protection film comprising hydrophobic liquid, dispersing surfactant for reducing the surface tension between the hydrophilic liquid and the protection film, and applying voltage to the hydrophilic liquid and the electrode to wet the substrate with the hydrophilic liquid. With the surfactant and the electro-wetting principle, a contact angle between the hydrophilic liquid and the substrate is controlled. The liquid film having a uniform thickness in nano size is thus formed on the substrate. The protection film prevents the evaporation of the liquid film in the air to thereby secure the stability of the liquid film.

Disclosed is a photosensitive resin composition for a color filter that includes (A) an organic salt-type sulfonate-containing dye; (B) a pigment; (C) an acrylic-based binder resin; (D) a photopolymerizable monomer; (E) a photopolymerization initiator; and (F) a solvent.

Disclosed herein is a lamination layer type semiconductor package, and more particularly, a lamination layer type semiconductor package capable of maintaining a thickness of a package on package structure at a minimum and minimizing a warpage defect by mounting two chips so as to correspond to each other. The lamination layer type semiconductor package includes: an upper package having an upper flip chip mounted on an upper substrate; a lower package having a lower flip chip mounted on a lower substrate and disposed so as to closely adhere the upper flip chip and the lower flip chip to each other; a heat dissipation adhesive member adhesively fixing the upper flip chip and the lower flip chip and dissipating heat generated from the upper flip chip and the lower flip chip; and a molding member molding between the upper substrate and the lower substrate.