The invention discloses a degradable antibacterial peptide based on cellulose and a preparation method thereof. Comprising the following steps: step 1, adding cellulose into a sulfuric acid solution, carrying out acid treatment, and terminating the reaction with ethanol; centrifuging, washing and freeze-drying to obtain cellulose A; 2, dispersing cellulose A in deionized water to obtain a cellulose solution; the preparation method comprises the following steps: adjusting the pH value to 9, adding 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbene imide and N-hydroxyl thiosuccinimide sodium salt, and stirring for 2 hours; adding excessive diamino compound, stirring for 10-12 hours, adding methoxy polyethylene glycol amine, and reacting for a period of time; carrying out ethanol precipitation, centrifugation, washing and freeze drying; the preparation method comprises the following steps: ultrasonically dispersing in water, adjusting the pH value to 3.5 by using 0.1 M hydrochloric acid, stirring for 2-4 hours, washing, dialyzing and freeze-drying to obtain the degradable antibacterial peptide.