This application provides an absolute
pressure sensor with an F-P cavity structure and a method for detecting air pressure. The absolute
pressure sensor includes: a
light source module for linearly modulating the received external
sawtooth wave modulation
signal to output continuous
laser light; an
optical fiber transmission module for unidirectional transmission of the continuous
laser light to block the reflected light of the continuous
laser light from returning to the
light source module; an F-P interference cavity including an
exit surface of an
optical fiber collimator coated with a low-
reflectivity film and a total reflection mirror fixed on a pressure-sensitive elastic element. The pressure-sensitive elastic element senses changes in air pressure and deforms, causing the total reflection mirror to shift. The continuous
laser light is reflected on the
exit surface and the total reflection mirror to form coherent light, generating a beat frequency optical
signal carrying air pressure information; a photoelectric detection module for
processing the beat frequency optical
signal carrying air pressure information transmitted via the
optical fiber transmission module to obtain an electrical signal that meets
demodulation requirements; and a signal
demodulation module for
processing the electrical signal that meets
demodulation requirements to obtain the air pressure value.