The invention relates to a sampling apparatus, in particular to a high-efficiency soil sampling apparatus for environmental detection. The invention aims at providing a high-efficiency soil sampling apparatus for environmental detection which is simple in sampling operation, time-saving, labor-saving, high in sampling efficiency and capable of obtaining deep soil. In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides the high-efficiency soil sampling apparatus for the environmental detection. The high-efficiency soil sampling apparatus comprises a transverse plate, supporting rods, a nut, a screw rod, a drill bit, a guide sleeve, a pressure plate, a first spring, a fixed plate, a handle, a guide rod, a connecting rod and a shovel; the left side and the right side of the bottom of the transverse plate are respectively provided with the supporting rod, the nut is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the transverse plate, the nut is internally provided with the screw rod, the screw rod is matched with the nut, the top of the screw rod is provided with a fixed plate, the right side of the top of the fixed plate is provided with the handle, and a guide hole is formed in the middle of the fixed plate. The high-efficiency soil sampling apparatus samples the soil in a manner of manually rotating the screw rod, and can also acquire the soil at different depths according to the requirements.