Method for cultivating oil sunflowers in saline-alkali lands by means of brackish water underground drip irrigation

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating oil sunflowers in saline-alkali lands by means of brackish water underground drip irrigation. The method has the advantages that structures for perfectly regulating and controlling water, fertilizers and air for root zones of the oil sunflowers are proposed and constructed, micro-topography structures, underground drip irrigation and plastic film mulching technologies are coupled with one another, accordingly, effects of conserving soil moisture and reducing salt can be realized to the greatest extent, and a relatively good soil environment canbe provided for growth and development of crops; thresholds for perfectly regulating and controlling the water, the fertilizers and the air for underground drip irrigation for the oil sunflowers in the saline-alkali lands are proposed, appropriate quantities of water and fertilizers and dissolved oxygen with suitable concentration are directly delivered to positions near root systems of the cropsin underground drip irrigation modes, accordingly, soil in the main root zones of the oil sunflowers can always keep in the optimal water and nutrient states, and the optimal oxygen content of the soil in the main root zones of the oil sunflowers always can be kept; reasonable saline-alkali regulation and control processes are further proposed, salinization and alkalinization improvement can be carried out by the aid of suitable salt washing water volumes and reasonable desulfurization gypsum application amounts, the problem of salification of drip irrigation soil in existing saline-alkali lands can be solved, accordingly, the alkalization degree of the soil can be effectively lowered, and the purpose of improving the soil can be achieved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a method for cultivating field economic crops in saline-alkali land, in particular to an underground drip irrigation cultivation method for oil sunflower in saline-alkali land with brackish water. Background technique [0002] Saline-alkali soil is a general term for saline soil and alkaline soil. The soil has low organic matter content, low fertility, poor physical and chemical properties, and many anions and cations that are harmful to crops. According to incomplete statistics from UNESCO and FAO, the area of ​​saline-alkali land in the world is 954 million hm 2 , of which 99.13 million hectares are in my country. As one of the biological alkali-controlling crops in saline-alkali land, oil sunflower has the characteristics of strong stress resistance, easy planting, wide adaptability, high application value, and good economic benefits. It is a pioneer crop for salt-alkali and drought tolerance. However, oil sunflower has a ...

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Problems solved by technology

[0005] Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the present invention mainly aims at the problems of higher soil salinization, irrigation amount, fertilization amount, and oxygen addition amount in the process of planting oil sunflower under the condition of brackish water in saline-alkali land, and the soil-root system As a whole, through the coordinated regulation of underground drip irrigation, water, fertilizer and gas during the growth period, the saline-alkaline regulation method of desulfurized gypsum + drip irrigation and salt is used during the fallow period, and an ideal regulation structure of water, fertilizer and gas in the root zone of oil sunflower with brackish water drip irrigation is constructed. So as to achieve a comprehensive and three-dimensional regulation of saline-alkali soil, crop water status and root nutrients, forming a subsurface drip irrigation cultivation method for oil sunflower in saline-alkali land with brackish water

[0006] (1) The present invention proposes to construct an ideal control structure for water, fertilizer and gas in the root zone of oil sunflower. By coupling the micro-topographic structure, underground drip irrigation and plastic film covering technology, it solves the problem of salt accumulation in saline-alkali land, insufficient water supply in the root zone of the soil, and poor soil permeability in saline-alkali land problems, play the role of moisture conservation and salt reduction to the greatest extent, and provide a relatively good soil environment for crop growth and development

[0007] (2) The present invention proposes the ideal control threshold of water, fertilizer and gas for underground drip irrigation of oil sunflower in saline-alkali land, adopts the mode of underground drip irrigation, and directly transports an appropriate amount of water and fertilizer and dissolved oxygen of a suitable concentration to the vicinity of the crop root system, which solves the problem of air and water permeability of saline-alkali land soil Poor water and fertilizer absorption and utilization rate of crops, etc., so that the soil in the tap root zone of oil sunflower is always maintained at the optimal water state, optimal nutrient state and oxygen content

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