120 results about "Oil sunflower" patented technology

The invention relates to a plant restoration technology for heavy metal-contaminated soil, specifically to a method for repairing heavy metal-contaminated soil by using oilseed rape-oil sunflower crop rotation technology. The method overcomes the problems of seasonal restriction, slow growth, low biomass of an overground part, low total absorption and accumulation amount of heavy metals, tolerance and enrichment capability to only one single heavy metal, bad economic benefits and poor comprehensive effects in practical application of plants used in conventional heavy metal-contaminated soil restoration technology. According to the method provided by the invention, oilseed rape and oil sunflower are planted in soil contaminated by compound heavy metals according to the natural growing periods of the oilseed rape and the oil sunflower, and conventional cultivation is carried out; the oilseed rape and the oil sunflower both grow normally in the contaminated soil, no obvious symptom of toxicity appears, and the outputs of the oilseed rape and the oil sunflower are not affected; and since the biomass of the overground parts of the oilseed rape and the oil sunflower is great, a great amount of various heavy metals can be absorbed and accumulated, and in particular, the contents of Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg in the plants of the oilseed rape and the oil sunflower are obviously higher than soil background values, reaching an enrichment level.

The invention discloses a method for fast improving newly-reclaimed saline wasteland. The method is achieved through the steps of land formation, irrigation salt leaching, alkali pressing by laying sand, forward crop planting and crop rotation planting. The method has the beneficial effects that according to the method for fast improving the newly-reclaimed saline wasteland, the yield of oil sunflowers, beet and other saline-alkaline tolerant forward crops can be improved by above 20%, and the stable yield of wheat after three years is 6,000 kg/hm<2>; meanwhile, desalination can be fast achieved through land formation, alkali pressing by laying the sand and irrigation salt leaching; efficient utilization can be achieved through forward crop planting and reasonable crop rotation, and the newly-reclaimed saline wasteland is improved when utilized.

The invention discloses a method for cultivating oil sunflowers in saline-alkali lands by means of brackish water underground drip irrigation. The method has the advantages that structures for perfectly regulating and controlling water, fertilizers and air for root zones of the oil sunflowers are proposed and constructed, micro-topography structures, underground drip irrigation and plastic film mulching technologies are coupled with one another, accordingly, effects of conserving soil moisture and reducing salt can be realized to the greatest extent, and a relatively good soil environment canbe provided for growth and development of crops; thresholds for perfectly regulating and controlling the water, the fertilizers and the air for underground drip irrigation for the oil sunflowers in the saline-alkali lands are proposed, appropriate quantities of water and fertilizers and dissolved oxygen with suitable concentration are directly delivered to positions near root systems of the cropsin underground drip irrigation modes, accordingly, soil in the main root zones of the oil sunflowers can always keep in the optimal water and nutrient states, and the optimal oxygen content of the soil in the main root zones of the oil sunflowers always can be kept; reasonable saline-alkali regulation and control processes are further proposed, salinization and alkalinization improvement can be carried out by the aid of suitable salt washing water volumes and reasonable desulfurization gypsum application amounts, the problem of salification of drip irrigation soil in existing saline-alkali lands can be solved, accordingly, the alkalization degree of the soil can be effectively lowered, and the purpose of improving the soil can be achieved.

The invention discloses a method for restoring heavy-metal-contaminated soil by utilizing oil sunflower planting. The method comprises the following steps of planting oil sunflower in the heavy-metal-contaminated soil according to a natural growing period, and conventionally culturing the oil sunflower. The oil sunflower rapidly grows and has strong root systems, biomass of the overground part of oil sunflower is large, the oil sunflower is drought-resisting and barren-resisting property, has strong tolerance and enrichment property to heavy metal, can grow normally in the heavy-metal-contaminated soil and no obvious poison symptoms appear. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the selected oil sunflower can absorb and accumulate a large quantity of multiple heavy metals, and particularly, the contents of heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Cd and As in the plant reach a high enrichment level, and the problems in the existing heavy-metal-contaminated soil restoring technology that the plants slowly grow, the biomass is low, the total quantity of absorbed and accumulated heavy metals is small, the plants only have the tolerance and enrichment capacity to a single heavy metal, does not have the good economic benefits, and has poor practical application comprehensive result.

The invention discloses a strawberry fertilizer, a preparation method of the strawberry fertilizer and a fertilizer application method of the strawberry fertilizer, relates to the field of fertilizers, and solves the problems of single nutrition, higher cost and chemical pollution of the existing strawberry fertilizer. The raw materials of the strawberry fertilizer disclosed by the invention comprise the following components in terms of weight percentage: 46%-55% of dried sheep manure, 15%-25% of dried cow manure, 5%-10% of dried horse manure, 5%-10% of dried chicken manure, 2%-4% of animal oil, 1%-2% of eggshell powder, 1%-1.5% of cornstalks, 1%-1.5% of oil sunflower straws, 0.5%-1% of branches and 0.5%-1% of grass leaves. The strawberry fertilizer disclosed by the invention has the advantages of rich nutrition, greenness, environment friendliness, low cost and promotion in strawberry production.

The invention discloses a cultivation method for high-yield of oil sunflower and peanut interplantation on a saline-alkali land. The method comprises steps of (1) determining a plantation mode for the oil sunflowers and the peanuts as needed, (2) selecting a land, (3) preparing a test field, (4) selecting and processing seeds, (5) sowing and (6) managing the field, wherein in the (2) step, the land has a soil layer having the thickness of 45 to 50cm, soil salt content of a 45 to 50cm root layer is under 0.2 to 0.3%, and the land is flat, has complete irrigating facilities and can be conveniently drained; in the (3) step, rotary tillage during the sowing period is over 25 to 30cm; 2,000 to 3,000 kilograms of excellent farmyard manure and 30 to 40 kilograms of composite fertilizer are applied for each mu before the ploughing; in the (4) step, Peanut breeding No.25 is selected for peanuts and 567DW is selected for the oil sunflower, and the seeds are processed; in the (5) step, spring sowing is conducted from the last ten-day of April to the first ten-day of May and summer sowing is conducted before June,10th; in the (6) step, the field management includes earlier stage management, medium-term management and final-term management. Based on group features oil sunflower and peanut interplanting on the saline-alkaline land, and a combination of great field management measures, output can be effectively improved.

The invention provides a method for repairing soil heavy metal cadmium pollution through an endive-oil sunflower crop rotation mode. According to the method, endives and oil sunflowers are planted in the soil of heavy metal compound pollution in the endive-oil sunflower crop rotation mode according to the natural growing periods of the endives and the oil sunflowers, and conventional cultivation is conducted. Both the endives and the oil sunflowers can grow normally in the cadmium-polluted soil, no obvious toxic symptom occurs, and the yield of the endives and the oil sunflowers is not influenced. In addition, the biomass of the overground part is large, a large quantity of various heavy metals can be absorbed and accumulated, especially the content of the heavy metal cadmium in the plants is obviously larger than the soil background value, and the enrichment level is reached. By the adoption of the method, cultivation is easy, the management cost is low, the oil sunflowers have quite high edible value and medicinal value, the endives contain a large amount of protein and have quite high feeding value, the heavy metals can be prevented from entering the food chain again through simple treatment, and high economic income can be obtained while pollution treatment is achieved.

A method for remediating heavy metal-contaminated soil using the peanut-oil sunflower rotation pattern, in which peanuts and oil sunflowers are planted in the heavy metal-contaminated soil in the peanut-oil sunflower rotation pattern according to their natural growth periods for restoration. Peanut and oil sunflower have no toxic effects in the heavy metal compound polluted soil, and the yield of the seeds has reached the normal level; and the peanut-oil sunflower rotation model has a large biomass, which can absorb and accumulate a variety of heavy metals, especially for the extraction of heavy metals Zn and Cd The amount is quite large, and the extraction effect is close to that of the super-accumulator plant Cerulean indigo. This crop rotation mode is relatively simple to cultivate and convenient to manage. It makes good use of the polluted land in terms of time and space, and speeds up the restoration. The obtained oil fruits can be used as non-edible oil resources to avoid entering the food chain. It can make up for the shortage of oil resources, bring better economic benefits to farmers, and reduce repair costs.

The invention discloses a set of SNP molecular markers for detectingpurity of sunflower variety and use of set of SNP molecular markers. The set of 17 SNP molecular markers can be used for detecting purities of oil sunflower and edible sunflower varieties and genetic materials with different sources, have wide use universality, and can trace and speculate a pollution source of impure samples. The set of SNP molecular markers are co-dominant, and have high specificity, sensitivity and resolution. The markers are not influenced by environmental conditions, seeds or any type of plant tissues can be used, and detection results are accurate, repeatable and stable. The technology is simple and easy for automation, and has high detection flux and high speed. Unit data point detection cost is low. Data results of different detection laboratories can be compared and verified with each other, and the data has universal comparability.

The invention relates to a plant furnishing method for water and soil loss prevention and control. According to the plant furnishing method for water and soil loss prevention and control, poplar nursery stocks are planted in bare land free of ground cover and having severe soil erosion, poplar trees are planted according to plant row spacing of 1.5*2 m or 2*4 m, oil sunflowers are inter-planted, ground cover is added, water and soil loss is decreased, and meanwhile economic benefit is increased; after poplar trees are 5 years old, intermediate cuttings is performed in planted land with the plant row spacing of 1.5*2 m or 2*4 m, the density is adjusted to be 3*4 m to increase ventilation and light transmission of the land, promote growing of ground portions, improve photosynthetic capacity of tree bodies, widen a root range, enhance the improvement effect of root systems to soil and play ecological and economic benefits of the trees to the maximum extent, and shallow-deep-shallow surface soil tillage is performed at a thinning stage, a final singling stage and a squaring stage respectively to decrease soil erosion caused by ploughing. By means of the plant furnishing method, the problems of poor soil property and poor ecological conditions in new reclamation areas of lli River Valley, low agricultural cultivation productivity and severe regional soil erosion are solved.

The invention discloses a planting method of inter-planting strawberries in a garlic ridge farmland. In the method, a natural organic fertilizer includes the following components, on the basis of dry weight, 40-70 parts of forestry and agricultural wastes, 10-20 parts of chicken manure, 20-40 parts of phosphorus-containing metamorphic rock powder being not more than 200 meshes in granular size, 10-20 parts of an attapulgite powder mixture, 30-50 parts of oil sunflower straw and 3-5 parts of L-lactobacillus sporogenes. The attapulgite powder mixture includes, by weight, 80-120 parts of attapulgite powder, 10-20 parts of sepiolite powder, 10-20 parts of phosphogypsum, 10-20 parts of urea, 20-30 parts of waste mushrooms from mushroom planting, 3-7 parts of calamine powder and 1-3 parts of waste residue of traditional Chinese medicines. The strawberries planted with the natural organic fertilizer through the planting method contain various mineral elements, organic substances, proteins, amino acids and carbohydrates being beneficial to human body, The planting method has significant effects of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in strawberries, can significantly increase yield of the strawberries, and has low fruit drop rate.

The invention discloses a kit for rapid identification of purity of new sunflower No.19 of oil sunflower. With a commercial oil sunflower variety new sunflower No.19 and DNAs of parents of the variety as templates, a large number of SSR primer molecular markers are screened and repeated by building an optimal procedure including an oil sunflower SSR technology, optimal combination of various components for PCR amplified reaction, and developing procedures of an amplification kit and an amplification band, so as to obtain primer markers 399 and 425 capable of simultaneously distinguishing the male parent, the female parent and hybrids. The two primer markers can be effectively used for identifying the purity of hybrid seeds of the new sunflower No.19, and distinguishing the authenticity of the seeds, efficient and accurate quality control for the hybrid seeds of the oil sunflower is facilitated, the quality detection process of the seeds of the new sunflower No.19 is accelerated, the kit can be effectively used for detecting the purity of the hybrids seeds of the oil sunflower and distinguishing the authenticity of the seeds, the time from DNA extraction to purity identification of molecular markers is shortened within a workday, and the kit has important application value.

The invention discloses an oil sunflower special fertilizer based on soda saline soil. The oil sunflower special fertilizer is prepared by blending the following components serving as raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of biochemical fulvic acid, 5-15 parts of magnesium slag, 5-15 parts of pyrite cinders, 5-20 parts of sunflower seed cake meals, 10-30 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10-20 parts of ammonium phosphate, 10-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-5 parts of manganese sulfate, 1-5 parts of poly-boron and 1-5 parts of a granulation binder. According to the oil sunflower special fertilizer disclosed by the invention, aiming at the characteristics of strong alkalinity, high degree of alkalization and poor physical and chemical properties of the soda saline soil, and considering a nutritional requirement rule of oil sunflowers, organic and inorganic matters are combined together, macro-elements are combined with medium elements and microelements, the nutrition is overall and balanced, the nutrition necessary for the whole growth stages of the oil sunflowers can be provided, meanwhile, the pH value of the soda saline soil is reduced, the soil structure is improved, and the soil fertility is improved, so that the output and quality of the oil sunflowers are significantly improved.

The invention relates to fertilizer spraying machines and in particular relates to special fertilizer spraying machine for oil sunflowers. Aiming at solving the technical problems, the invention provides the special fertilizer spraying machine for the oil sunflowers, which can save time and labor, can be used for improving the fertilizer spraying efficiency and can be used for preventing lower back and arm ache. The special fertilizer spraying machine for the oil sunflowers is characterized by comprising a supporting plate, a mounting seat, a first rolling wheel, a multi-edge cam, a connectionseat, a connection rod, a second rolling wheel, a supporting rod, a first spring, a supporting rod, a material storage box, a first discharging pipe and the like; the right side of the bottom of thesupporting plate is connected with the mounting seat; a front side face of the mounting seat is in rotary connection with the first rolling wheel; the front side face of the first rolling wheel is connected with the multi-edge cam. According to the special fertilizer spraying machine for the oil sunflowers, provided by the invention, fertilizer can be uniformly sprayed to roots of the oil sunflowers through left-right swinging of a second discharging pipe; a stirring blade is arranged and fertilizer can be sufficiently mixed, so that the fertilizer spraying effect can be improved; a steel ballis arranged so that the fertilizer is prevented from being stuck on an inner wall of the second discharging pipe.

The invention relates to an oil sunflower deseeding machine, in particular to an oil sunflower deseeding machine capable of reserving an oil sunflower disc, which aims at providing an oil sunflower deseeding machine capable of conveniently reserving an oil sunflower disc with the advantages that oil sunflower seeds can be pulled out without manual work; the labor intensity is decreased; the pulledoil sunflower seeds can be screened to separate impurities. The oil sunflower deseeding machine capable of reserving the oil sunflower disc adopts the technical scheme that the oil sunflower deseeding machine comprises a base, first brackets, an installation frame, a rotary shaft, a chain wheel, a circular disc, a steel strip, a first belt wheel and the like, wherein the first brackets are symmetrically arranged at the left side and right side of the top part of the base in a front and back way. The oil sunflower deseeding machine has the advantages that the oil sunflower disc is in contact with a press plate and the steel strip, a motor is started, then the steel strip is rotated, and the oil sunflower seeds on the sun flower disc can be pulled out without manual work, and the labor intensity is decreased; below the actions of a first roller and a second spring, the press plate can always press the oil sunflower disc, so as to avoid the influence on the deseeding effect due to loosening of the oil sunflower disc.

The invention relates to a water-saving and salinity-controlling planting method of oil sunflower in saline-alkali wetland and belongs to the technical field of crop planting with an aim to solve thetechnical problem that in arid or semi-arid areas with shortage of fresh water resources, high underground water and heavy saline-alkali soil, the oil sunflower planted in the saline-alkali wetland islow in emergency rate and survival rate of seedlings. The key point of the technical scheme to the problem lies in that the method includes that 1, land leveling and preparation must act according tocircumstances, and before winter irrigation of alkali-affected soil, farm manure, calcium superphosphate and chemical improver treatment are performed; 2, furrow ridges are divided by adopting wide-narrow rows, the oil sunflower is sown in side furrows of the ridges after ridge forming and film covering, and fertilizer is applied to bottoms of the furrows; 3, in oil sunflower growing period, onlyone furrow irrigation is needed, no accumulative water is caused in the field after irrigation, and no irrigation is needed if heavy rainfall is available in the seedling period. With the method, thetechnical shortcoming that the low-lying saline-alkali wetland is less prone to dry farming is overcome, natural rainfall is sufficiently utilized, irrigation water is saved, and the effect of improving the seedling rate and yield is obvious.

The invention discloses a propagation method of an oil sunflower Xinkui No. 14 sterile line 1666A. The propagation method comprises the following steps of: under the precondition of spatial isolation that no sunflower planting area exits 5km around an isolation area to be chosen, setting the proportion of sterile lines to maintainer lines to be 6: 2; irrigating once every 7 days before squaring stage of sunflower; and configuring a box of strong bee colony in every 0.2hm<2> of seed farm; and establishing a propagation method of oil sunflower sterile line through pollination. Through isolation propagation, the purity can be ensured, and the propagation yield is also improved; and the propagation method is relatively low in cost.

The invention discloses an oil sunflower planting method through improving saline-alkali soil, which includes steps of plot preparation, sowing in good time, seedling management, field management andtiming harvest, wherein the plot preparation is carried out by adopting ploughing and rotary tillage, covering an earth film, and applying improved fertilizer of desulphurization gypsum, fly ash, bentonite, zeolite, urea, ammonium phosphate, and calcium chloride at the weight ratio of 30-40: 8-12: 20-30: 8-12: 6-10: 6-10: 3-5. Through the oil sunflower planting method, the improvement process of the whole saline-alkali soil is green, environment-friendly and pollution-free; the improvement effect is excellent; the planted oil sunflower can be used as economic crops as well as the landscape ornamental plants; thus the economic benefit is increased and environment is beautified.

The invention discloses a method for establishing a sunflower Kangdi No.6 regeneration system. The method comprises the following steps of: inoculating Kangdi No.6 self-bred line cotyledons into an induction culture medium with different hormone combinations and inducing embryonic calluses, re-inoculating the induced embryonic calluses into a differentiation culture medium and differentiating adventitious buds at high frequency, transferring the adventitious buds into a growth culture medium after the adventitious buds grow to a certain extent and further growing, and finally grafting regenerated plants and transplanting, wherein the induction culture medium comprises a Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium, indole acetic acid (IAA) at the concentration of 1.2mg/L and 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) at the concentration of 4.5 mg/L according to the formula; the differentiation culture medium comprises a MS culture medium, IAA at the concentration of 0.01mg/L and 6-BA at the concentration of 0.04 mg/L according to the formula; and the growth culture medium comprises a two fifth MS culture medium according to the formula. The method has the characteristics of extremely high regeneration frequency, shorter period and the like on a sunflower Kangdi No.6 self-bred line, is easy to operate, and has important application value.

The invention provides immature-period cattle straw feed capable of improving the immunity and a preparation method thereof. The immature-period cattle straw feed comprises the following raw materials in part by weight: 10 to 17 parts of wheat straw, 13 to 16 parts of corn straw, 9 to 11 parts of soybean meal, 6 to 9 parts of bean dregs, 9 to 14 parts of Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients, 6 to 8 parts of highland barley, 5 to 9 parts of rice bran, 7 to 11 parts of mocha cake, 4 to 7 parts of oil sunflower, 5 to 7 parts of wild hay, 3 to 6 parts of wheat bran 1 to 2 parts of table salt. The preparation method is relatively simple and capable of sufficiently maintaining the nutrients of the raw materials, so that the prepared feed can sufficiently improve the resistance immunity of the immature-period cattle and rapidly increase the body weight.

The invention relates to rabbit feed, in particular to Rex rabbit or wool rabbit feed. The rabbit feed is prepared by taking, by weight, 20-30 parts of corn, 9-20 parts of wheat bran, 18-30 parts of alfalfa powder, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 4-8 parts of corn straw, 6-10 parts of soybean straw, 2-15 parts of oil sunflower straw, 0.3-0.8 part of edible salt, 1-3 parts of Fructus hippophae and 0.5-1.5 parts of dandelion and subjecting the same to smashing, granulating and drying. Compared with the prior art, the rabbit feed has the advantages that the rabbit feed can effectively promote rabbit growth, especially can improve disease resistance of rabbits to allow the same to grow healthily, and especially can improve quality of skin and fur.

Provided is a method for improving deserted heavy saline soil and planting pioneer crops. The method comprises the steps that platform fields are constructed, soil is desalinized and covered with mulching film, and the mulching film is uncovered at intervals into a strip shape; conditioner is applied, wherein the dosage of the conditioner is 7500-10950 kg/hm<2>; fertilizer application is conducted, wherein the fertilizer applied to the soil each hectare is converted into pure nitrogen of 56.3-82.5 kg, P2O5 of 36-52.8 kg, K2O of 22.5-33 kg; attapulgite and loss-control fertilizer with the nitrogen content higher than 26% are selected and mixed; after fertilization, sowing is conducted instantly; when second true leaves of oil sunflower appear, seedlings are thinned, gaps are filled with theseedlings, final singing of the seedlings is conducted, and meanwhile, weeding is conducted; intertillage hilling is conducted; redundant disks and leaves without nutrition are removed; harvest is conducted at appropriate time. According to the method for improving the deserted heavy saline soil and planting the pioneer crops, the deserted heavy saline soil is developed and improved, the soil fertility is improved, the salinity of the plough layer of the soil before sowing is reduced, compared with the prior art, the yield and benefits of the oil sunflower are increased, and the method has significant importance on ecological agriculture, green development and recycling efficient environment-friendly utilization on inferior soil and water resources.

The invention discloses an air-aspiration type precise seeder which comprises a seeding mechanism and a seed chamber assembly, wherein the seed chamber assembly is connected with the seeding mechanism through a hinge pin and is fixed through a handle; the seeding mechanism mainly consists of a seeding mechanism support, a stirring wheel, a seeding disc, a saw tooth scraping blade, an air cutting baffle plate, a pressing cover, an air sucking chamber, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, a transmission shaft and an elbow which are assembled together. By adopting the air-aspiration type precise seeder disclosed by the invention, seeding in a common planting mode can be implemented, and no-tillage seeding can be also achieved on lands with complete straw mulching of a protective farming technique. Corn, soybeans and grain crops can be sown, crops such as oil sunflower and big melons can be also sown, such as peanuts, broomcorn and sunflower, and a linear equidistant single-granule seed ordering procedure can be completed at one time in operation. The purpose of accurate amounts and precise positions are achieved, and the air-aspiration type precise seeder has mechanical transmission in operation, is stable and reliable and low-carbon and environment-friendly, and is both attractive and reliable in overall structure.

The invention discloses a method for indentifying the purity of oil sunflower Kangdi No.6 and No.7 varieties. The method comprises the following steps of: establishing an oil sunflower RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) technical program and determining an optimized combination of all components of a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification reaction; and taking oil sunflower Kangdi No.6 and No.7 and DNAs (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) of parents as templates to obtain a primer marker OPB05 which can simultaneously distinguish a male parent, a female parent and a hybrid, wherein the size of a female parent specific marker OPB05 stripe generated by the amplified oil sunflower Kangdi No.7 is 450bp and the size of a male parent specific marker OPB05 stripe is 880bp; a DNA segment of the hybrid contains characteristic bands of male and female parents; the size of a female parent specific marker OPB05 stripe generated by the amplified oil sunflower Kangdi No.6 is 310bp and the size of a male parent specific marker OPB05 stripe is 325bp; and characteristic bands of male and female parents in a DNA segment of the hybrid have the primer marker. Therefore, the method can be effectively used for identifying the purity of the oil sunflower Kangdi No.6 and No.7 varieties, and has an important application value.

The invention discloses a method for restoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil. The method comprises the steps that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil to be restored is treated, and sundries on the soil are cleared; a soil fertility intensifier and a soil conditioner are distributed on the cleaned soil; the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil to be restored is ploughed, and black nightshade and different types of oil sunflowers are interplanted on the ploughed soil; and the oil sunflower variety with the largest degradation rate for polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbon in the soil is screened out, and after the nightshade and the oil sunflowers are mature, all the plants are reaped. According to the method, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil is restored by harvesting the plants, and meanwhile, the problems of processing and disposing of crop straws are partially solved.