Alteration of Flowering Time in Plants
a technology of genetic engineering and plant flowering time, applied in biochemistry apparatus and processes, peptide sources, organic chemistry, etc., can solve the problem of unfavorable autonomous and environmental pathways that are entirely distinct, and achieve the effect of increasing vegetative growth
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example 1
Loss of FLC Function Causes Early Flowering
[0049]Naturally occurring late flowering in Arabidopsis is caused primarily by the interaction of two dominant genes, FLC1 (Lee, et al. Plant Journal 6, 903-909 1994; Koornneef, et al. Plant Journal 6, 911-919 1994) and FRIGIDA (FRI) (Lee, et al. Mol Gen Genet 237, 171-176 1993; Clarke and Dean. Mol Gen Genet 242, 81-89 1994). We further demonstrated that the late-flowering phenotype of FRI is suppressed in the Landsberg erecta (Ler) strain of Arabidopsis by a recessive allele of the FLC1 gene (Lee, et al. Plant Journal 6, 903-909 1994; Koornneef, et al. Plant Journal 6, 911-919 1994). Similarly, late flowering caused by mutations in the gene LUMINIDEPENDENS (LD) are also suppressed in the Ler background by the Ler allele of FLC1 (Lee, et al. Plant Journal 6, 903-909 1994; Koornneef, et al. Plant Journal 6, 911-919 1994). To determine if the ability of the Ler allele of FLC1 to suppress the late-flowering phenotype of both FRI and mutations...
example 2
Isolation of FLC by Positional Cloning
[0052]To generate a segregating population useful for high-resolution mapping and positional cloning of FLC1, the F1 plants generated from a cross of Ler (fri / fri;flc1 / flc1) to Col (fri / fri;FLC1 / FLC1) were crossed to the tester line containing the FRI in Ler (FRI / FRI:flc1 / flc1). This tester line contained a late-flowering allele of FRI, but also contains the flc1-Ler allele and is, therefore, early flowering. The progeny of the cross of the F1 to FRI in Ler, which segregated 1:1 for late and early flowering, were late flowering when FLC1-Col is present (i.e. FRI / fri;FLC1 / flc1) due to the interaction between FRI and FLC1, but early flowering in the presence of flc1-Ler (i.e. FRI / fri;flc1 / flc1). Test-cross progeny (4500 plants) were screened with the microsatellite markers nga158 and nga151 (Bell and Ecker, 1994), which had previously been shown to flank FLC1 (Lee et al., 1994b). Plants containing recombination events between nga158 and 151 were t...
example 3
Generation of Late-Flowering Transgenic Arabidopsis
[0056]To determine the utility of FLC1 in altering flowering time, transgenic Arabidopsis were created containing two different FLC1 constructs. The first construct, 211-31, was made from genomic DNA containing FLC1 and its native promoter. The second construct, pSM7, contained the genomic coding region of FLC1 under control of the constitutive 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (Odell, et al. Nature 313, 810-2 1985.).
[0057]211-31 was transformed into FRI in Ler by Agrobacteriummediated transformation (Bechtold, et al., C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 316:1194, 1993). Untransformed FRI in Ler flowers after forming approximately 14 primary rosette leaves (Lee, et al. Plant Journal 6, 903-909 1994.). FRI in Ler plants transformed with 211-31 showed a dramatic delay in flowering due to the synergistic interaction of FRI and FLC1 to delay flowering (Table 3). Greater than 90% of transformants formed 50 or more leaves before flowering an...
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