43 results about "Apomixis" patented technology

The invention relates to a method for culturing submerged plant seeds. The method comprises the following steps: A, soaking the submerged plant seeds produced by apomixia in 0.01-1wt% of dimethoate or sodium hypochlorite solution for 1-6 hours, washing the soaked submerged plant seeds with clear water, naturally drying the soaked submerged plant seeds in the air; B, standing the submerged plant seeds at 20-25 DEG C for 1-3 days, storing at 1-5 DEG C for 1-2 days, and preserving at 30-40 DEG C for 12-36 hours; C, soaking the submerged plant seeds in solution containing plant hormone, trace elements and inorganic salt for 12-24 hours; and D, burying the submerged plant seeds in a matrix by a depth of 3-5cm, and then putting the matrix in which the submerged plant seeds are buried at the bottom of river or lake water. The matrix comprises humus, sediment at the bottom of river and lake, bank soil, clay and sand. The submerged plant seeds bred by the method have high germination rate and environmental adaptability.

The present invention relates to methods for promoting somatic embryogenesis from a tissue or organ of a plant, by overexpressing a Wuschel gene in said tissue or organ. In one embodiment, such overexpression can be used as a silent selectable marker for transgenic plants. In another embodiment, such expression can be used to confer apomixis to a plant. In another embodiment, such overexpression can be used to create haploid plants, which can be used to produce dihaploid plants.

The present invention is directed to the seed-to-seed perpetuation of hybrid vigor and other traits through apomixis (asexual seed formation) in flowering plants (angiosperms). More particularly, to predictable methods for producing, from sexual or facultatively-apomictic plants, progeny plants that express an increased percentage of apomictic seed set or one or more elements of apomixis. This invention uses: plant cyto-embryology procedures to identify and select a plant or group of plants that possess appropriate genetic variability for initiation times and durations of megasporogenesis (female meiosis), embryo sac formation, egg and central cell formation and maturation, fertilization, embryony and endosperm formation; plant breeding procedures to produce numerous and divergent genetically-recombined early to late generation progeny such that embryo sac formation preempts megasporogenesis and embryony preempts fertilization; and plant cyto-embryology or progeny test procedures to select segregant plants that express an increased frequency of one or more elements of apomixis.

Methods are provided for producing apomictic plants from sexual plants divergent with respect to responses to different photoperiods and schedules of megaspore and gametophyte development. A preferred system is to identify divergent lines from within a species or closely related group of species, accentuate the divergence by breeding where necessary, and produce artificial amphiploids that contain genomes from the apposing divergent lines. Apomixis results from the asynchronous expression of female developmental programs induced by combining the reproductively divergent lines. The procedures for manipulating the expression of apomixis described herein permit the development of true-breeding hybrids of various cultivated crops.

The invention provides a new form of vegetative propagating material, referred to as “the grass plantlet”, as well as a method for producing it. The new vegetative planting material and the method by which it is obtained make it possible to replicate and increase both warm and cool season grasses more rapidly than by the conventional methods of seeding, sprigging, or plugging. Three to five new, clean, and pure generations of a newly developed seeded or vegetative cultivar can be obtained each year. Outcrossing, the need for burning and possibly for herbicide use are eliminated by the present invention. The present methodology embodies a sterile production system resulting in grass plantlets that are free of nematodes, pathogenic fungi, and damaging insects. The method of the invention has the capacity to rapidly reproduce and to maintain the genetic purity of promising new cultivars that would otherwise be discarded because they are sterile hybrids, low seed producers, sterile direct DNA transfers, or cross pollinated non-apomicts.

Methods are disclosed for detecting genetic instability for apomixis in angiospermous plant, and for enhancing, genetically stabilizing, and controlling apomixis expression in such plants. Enhanced expression, stabilization, and control are achieved by converting a facultative apomict to obligate apomixis. Enhanced expression of apomixis is further achieved by increasing frequencies of unreduced egg formation and/or parthenogenesis. Genetic stabilization of apomixis is alternatively achieved by conferring mechanisms to a facultative apomict that, during facultative sexual seed formation, prevent the segregational loss of unique alleles at multiple loci, which cause apomixis, such that progeny produced sexually from the facultative apomict inherit the unique allelic combinations required to maintain apomixis. The disclosed methods are used in various combinations to produce apomictic plants that possess improved yield, quality, and/or seed production characteristics.

The present invention relates to DYAD genes, mutants thereof, and use of them for making plants that retain heterozygosity of the female parent plant. The invention also encompasses plants, plant tissues, and seeds of plants that have a dyad phenotype and so retain heterozygosity of the female parent, either constitutively or conditionally. The invention is useful for propagating desired hybrid phenotypes in a manner of an apomictic plant and for increasing the ploidy of a plant genotype, which may result in plants having increased biomass.

The present invention relates to methods for promoting somatic embryogenesis from a plant cell, tissue, organ, callus or cell culture, by overexpressing a PGA37 gene in the tissue or organ. In one embodiment, such overexpression can be used as a silent selectable marker for transgenic plants. In another embodiment, such expression can be used to confer apomixis to a plant. In another embodiment, such overexpression can be used to create haploid plants, which can be used to produce dihaploid plants.

The present invention provides LEC1 variants. The LEC1 variants comprise a LEC1 A domain, a LEC1 B domain and a LEC1 C domain, where the LEC1 B domain has at least one mutation and/or is chimeric with respect to the LEC1 A or C domain. The invention also includes methods of preparing such LEC1 variants, and methods of using such LEC1 variants to modulate the level or activity of LEC1 variants in a plant cell. Modulation of LEC1 activity or levels can be used for different purposes such as increasing transformation efficiency, stimulating growth of somatic embryos, improving the growth and recovery of transformants, inducing apomixes, increasing transformation frequency, enhancing tissue culture response and the like.

The invention provides a rapid breeding method of the seed of konjac, namely a method for sexual reproduction through apomixis, thus the seed of konjac is a small bulb. The reproduction rate of konjacseed bulbs is not more than 5-7 times in the way of digging big and staying small and large bulb-cutting propagation. According to the rapid breeding method of the seed of konjac, a seed bulb can breed 800-1500 seed bulbs, and the reproduction ratio is close to 1500 times, so that the problem of low breeding coefficient and degradation of seed source in konjac industry is solved. The rapid breeding method of the seed of konjac has the advantages of high breeding efficiency, keeping seed character, preventing and controlling seed source degeneration, fast breeding of konjac bulbs for farmers to grow, thereby producing more konjac bulbs to meet the market needs.

The invention discloses a method for screening dwarf apple stocks by the aid of reverse genetics and belongs to the technical field of apple breeding. The method includes: subjecting Pingyi sweet-teaseeds with an apomixes feature to Co60 radiation mutation; sowing mutated seeds; screening offspring with a dwarfing trait in group offspring and subjecting the offspring to exogenous GA treatment; screening the offspring insensitive to GA; through MhGAI1 antibody detection, performing screening to obtain DELLA mutants. Through the radiation mutation method, specific antibodies for Pingyi sweet tea subjected to radiation mutation are detected by the aid of the reverse genetics for the first time, plants insensitive to GA are screened, and genetic resources with the dwarf trait and capable of keeping apomixes capacity at the same time are further screened.

The invention provides a method for increasing the apomixis ratio of apple rootstocks and the trimming degree of nursery stocks. According to the method, before pollination and fertilization of apple flowers are finished, lime sulfur at the concentration of 1.0 baume degree is sprayed on the apple flowers at the full-blossom stage for one time in the morning or in the evening every day (the flowers are sprayed uniformly until the petals are wet and liquid does not drop off), continuously for three days. When the lime sulfur is sprayed on the apple flowers, the stigma activity is reduced, seriously, the stigma is wilted and the life of the stigma is shortened, so that the effective time of pollination and fertilization is shortened, the fertilization of the embryo sac is limited, the fertilization process of the 2N embryo sac of the apples with the apomictic feature is avoided, and the unfertilized 2N embryo sac forms clonal seeds through the apomixis way. By adoption of the lime sulfur, the life of the stigma is shortened and the pollination time is shortened, so that the apomixis ratio of the apple rootstock seeds with the apomictic feature and the trimming degree of the nursery stocks are increased.

The invention discloses a method for enabling sexual corns to generate dominant and recessive apomictic hybrids. Red spike-stalk self-fruited 4317 facultative apomict corns serving as a male parent are hybridized with sexual corns chang 72, 7131, 7132 and 478 of which white spike-stalks cannot be self-fruited and sexual corns 7133 of which red spike-stalks cannot be self-fruited; F1 can generate dominant apomictic hybrids of which the white spike-stalks can be self-fruited and sexual hybrids of which the red spike-stalks cannot be self-fruited as well as dominant apomictic hybrids of which red spike-stalks can be self-fruited and sexual hybrids of which the red spike-stalks cannot be self-fruited; after the sexual hybrids are subjected to selfing, F2 can separate out recessive apomictic hybrids of which light red spike-stalks or red spike-stalks can be self-fruited after the selfing of sexual hybrids. The dominant apomictic hybrids are high in self-fruiting rate, and generations cannot be separated; the dominant apomictic hybrids are main male parents for cultivating unseparated hybrids; the recessive apomictic hybrids are relatively low in self-fruiting rate and relatively poor in purity, and can be also used as basic materials for cultivating the unseparated hybrids through planting separation.

The invention discloses a method for creating apple apomixis allopolyploid rootstocks based on whole genome mutagenesis. The method comprises the following steps: performing whole genome sequencing on apple apomixis rootstocks; after removing stigmas of the single plants of the sequencing woody material, harvesting seeds; the harvested seeds are subjected to low-temperature refrigeration and lamination; mutagenizing EMS with different concentrations, germinating seeds and sowing; collecting the seeds for laminated germination; performing water culture and identifying phenotypes; carrying out differential material plant tissue culture, and inducing rooting to identify a root phenotype; performing whole genome re-sequencing and transcriptome sequencing on the differential material; finding a mutagenic gene; and carrying out mutagenic gene function verification on an agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation system. According to the method, the novel non-fusion rootstocks are rapidly screened and identified through apple apomixis characteristics, root phenotype analysis and transcriptome high throughput, the screening time and space are greatly saved, the method process is simple, the operation technology is easy to master, and the method has wide application prospects.

Methods are provided for producing apomictic plants from sexual plants divergent with respect to responses to different photoperiods and schedules of megaspore and gametophyte development. A preferred system is to identify divergent lines from within a species or closely related group of species, accentuate the divergence by breeding where necessary, and produce artificial amphiploids that contain genomes from the apposing divergent lines. Apomixis results from the asynchronous expression of female developmental programs induced by combining the reproductively divergent lines. The procedures for manipulating the expression of apomixis described herein permit the development of true-breeding hybrids of various cultivated crops.

A breeding method based on distant hybridization and polyploid features that the parents for hydridization, which can increase the hybridization affinity, decrease the progeny sterility and have no special mictic and pH genes, are chosen, after plyploid induction and discrimination the hybrids between subunits, between varieties and between varieties with same or different genomes to obtain polyploid rice variety, and the characteristics of male sterility and male restoring gene are used to obtain hybridized polyploid rice. Its advantage is high yield increased by times.

The present invention is directed to the seed-to-seed perpetuation of hybrid vigor and other traits through apomixis (asexual seed formation) in flowering plants (angiosperms). More particularly, to predictable methods for producing, from sexual or facultatively-apomictic plants, progeny plants that express an increased percentage of apomictic seed set or one or more elements of apomixis. This invention uses: plant cytoembryology procedures to identify and select a plant or group of plants that possess appropriate genetic variability for initiation times and durations of megasporogenesis (female meiosis), embryo sac formation, egg and central cell formation and maturation, fertilization, embryony and endosperm formation; plant breeding procedures to produce numerous and divergent genetically-recombined early to late generation progeny such that embryo sac formation preempts megasporogenesis and embryony preempts fertilization; and plant cyto-embryology or progeny test procedures to select segregant plants that express an increased frequency of one or more elements of apomixis.

The invention relates to the use of a gene of the Argonaute family, a transcript of said gene or the ORF of said gene in order to produce plants that are completely or partially apomictic. The invention can be used to control apomixis in cultivated species having sexual reproduction.

The invention is suitable for the technical field of corn breeding, and provides a breeding method for inducing corn apomixis by using a mixed reagent and application. The breeding method for inducing the corn apomixis by using the mixed reagent comprises the following steps of selecting inducers; performing partitioning; performing inducer treatment, wherein the inducer treatment comprises the following steps of strictly bagging corn ears before silking in each area, clamping and cutting silks at the top ends of bracts by using a pair of nipper pliers after silking, slowly pulling out the silks to form cavities when the silks in the bracts are cut off, injecting the inducers corresponding to all areas, and then sleeving with paper bags again; screening the inducers; carrying out optimal inducer treatment; and harvesting. According to the breeding method, by improving the inducers, the safety problem, the pollen pollution problem and the operation efficiency problem in reagent use are solved, the induction effect is improved while safety is guaranteed, the breeding speed of corn inbred lines can be increased, the inductivity is high, and the genetic stability of germplasm resources can be guaranteed.