240 results about "Ploidy" patented technology

A method of calling a ploidy state using a neural network includes determining, for a training sample, genetic sequencing data or genetic array data for a plurality of genetic positions, determining respective true ploidy state values for a plurality of genetic segments, each genetic segment respectively comprising at least some of the plurality of genetic positions, based on the genetic sequencing data or genetic array data, and determining a neural network comprising one or more layers for calling respective ploidy state values, the neural network defined at least in part by a plurality of weights. The method further includes iteratively modifying the weights using specific processes. The method further includes calling, for a test sample, a ploidy state for a target genetic region by propagating genetic sequencing data for the test sample or genetic array data for the test sample through the modified neural network.

The invention discloses a culture method of high diplont rate sporule regeneration plant of broccoli, which belongs to the technical field of plant tissue culture and comprises the following steps: (1), preparing a culture medium; (2), culturing the high diplont rate sporule regeneration plant of broccoli: 1), selecting a donor plant and a bud, 2), sterilizing the bud, 3), pre-treating and culturing the bud, 4), separating, mixing and subpackaging of bud sporule, 5), culturing sporule embryoid, 6), differentiating and culturing a regeneration plant, 7), rooting and transplanting the regeneration plant and 8), detecting ploidy of the regeneration plant. The invention obviously increases the germ extraction rate and the rate of emergence of the sporule culture of the broccoli and the diplont rate of the regeneration plant respectively to 120 embryos/bud, 70 percent and more than 70 percent from common 80 embryos/bud, 50 percent and about 50 percent, thereby improving the breeding efficiency of the broccoli. The method can be popularized and applied to a vegetable breeding department or company.

The invention discloses a method for establishment of a hybrid strain between bluntsnout bream and topmouth culter. The bluntsnout bream is used as a female parent, the topmouth culter is used as a male parent, the hybrid strain F1 of the bluntsnout bream and the topmouth culter is obtained through distant hybridization and is then bred and tested to obtain a bisexual fertile F1; then F1 is cultured as an object, selfing of the bisexual fertile F1 is performed, and a diploid F2 of the bluntsnout bream and the topmouth culter is obtained through incubation and breeding; and the ploidy and sterility of F2 are tested to obtain a bisexual fertile F2, and thus the heterologous bream and culter stain with genetic stability and bisexual sterility is obtained. The invention also discloses a breeding method of topmouth bream. The bisexual fertile diploid hybrid strain F1 of the bluntsnout bream and the topmouth culter and the bisexual fertile F2 of the bluntsnout bream and the topmouth culter are obtained by the establishment method, and backcross breeding is performed with the bluntsnout bream to obtain the hybrid topmouth bream. By adopting the breeding method, the novel hybrid topmouth bream with characteristics of high growth speed, high resistance, high meat quality, attractive shape and the like can be prepared.

The invention discloses a culture method of high diplont rate sporule regeneration plant of broccoli, which belongs to the technical field of plant tissue culture and comprises the following steps: (1), preparing a culture medium; (2), culturing the high diplont rate sporule regeneration plant of broccoli: 1), selecting a donor plant and a bud, 2), sterilizing the bud, 3), pre-treating and culturing the bud, 4), separating, mixing and subpackaging of bud sporule, 5), culturing sporule embryoid, 6), differentiating and germinating and culturing a regeneration plant, 7), rooting and transplanting the regeneration plant and 8), detecting ploidy of the regeneration plant. The invention obviously increases the germ extraction rate and the rate of emergence of the sporule culture of the broccoli and the diplont rate of the regeneration plant respectively to 80 embryos/bud, 70 percent and more than 70 percent from common 60 embryos/bud, 50 percent and about 50 percent, thereby improving the breeding efficiency of the broccoli. The method can be popularized and applied to a vegetable breeding department or company.

The invention discloses a culture method for triploid grape culture by embryo rescue and early identification of ploidy. The invention aims to cultivate triploid grape by embryo rescue and overcome the problem of seed abortion of hybrid embryo between diploid and tetraploid grape cultivars in conventional breeding. After a hybrid seed is obtained, chromosome count is performed by the combination of flow cytometry and wall degradation hypotonic method to identify the ploidy of the hybrid progeny. The invention increases the breeding efficiency of triploid grape, accelerates the breed selection of triploid grape variety and provides a new approach to the culture of seedless grape variety.

The invention relates to a cultivation method of the triploid salvia, the steps of the invention are that: not completely ripe good salvia seeds are collected to put into the 1/2MS culture medium with colchicine for mutagenesis cultivation; then the seeds are transferred into a normal 1/2MS culture medium for cultivation, the root tip of the seedling is fetched to perform the ploidy identification of the chromosome after the preceding process of the chromosome, and the seedling with a chromosome quantity of 2n=4x=32 is the tetraploid salvia; the tetraploid salvia is taken as a female parent and the diploid salvia is taken as a male parent to perform the crossbreed and the obtaining seed is a triploid salvia plant. The nutrient organs such as the root, stem and leaf and so on of the triploid salvia plant obviously become bigger and present remarkable crossbreed advantages, and the root medicinal material output of the triploid salvia is increased by over 30 percent. Moreover, the triploid salvia has flowers, but no seeds, thus decreasing the nutrition consumption and the crossbreed advantages of the triploid salvia can be kept over 10 years through the asexual reproduction, which enhances the disease resistance and stress resistance with strong applicability, thus being applicable to planting in every part of the country. Besides, the crossbreed advantages produced by the novel variety triploid production are able to improve the output of the salvia medicinal material planting in a large scale.

The invention belongs to the technical field of flower breeding, in particular to a method for doubly improving a marigold genotype by utilizing chromosomes, which is characterized in that male sterile dual-purpose line of a seed or a stem tip of marigold is treated by adopting a colchicine solution so as to enable the number of the chromosomes of the marigold to be doubled, thereby providing a breeding starting material of the improvement of the marigold genotype. The method comprises the following steps of: bud forcing treatment, colchicine doubling treatment, rinsing relief treatment, cultivation management, chromosome ploidy authentication and the like. The preferable treatment is described as follows: applying colchicine solution with concentration of 0.05 percent to marigold germinating seeds and soaking for 3 to 6 hours, and thus, the survival rate of plants is high, and the doubling efficiency also reaches 88.89 percent. The invention can effectively control the environment temperature and humidity when the seeds germinate; the repeatability of a test is high, the operation is convenient and time and labor are saved. The invention is suitable for the improvement of the marigold genotype.

A Method for producing triploid corn seeds and plants is described. The method comprises combining two parent inbreds of different ploidy levels, wherein one parent inbred is a tetraploid (4N) and the other parent is a diploid (2N) so as to produce a triploid hybrid corn seed; and cultivating the triploid hybrid corn seed to form a triploid corn plant. Usage of triploid corn plants as an economic source of sugar and ethanol is described, as is the production of molasses, rum and fodder from plant material of the low sterility triploid corn plants.

A method for distant hybridization between subfamilies of cyprinus carpio and megalobrama amblycephala includes the following steps that firstly, female cyprinus carpio and male megalobrama amblycephala which have obvious sexual maturity characteristics and good somatic features are selected as parent fishes for special pool breeding, then, artificial spawning induction is conducted on the parent finishes in a breeding season, the parent fishes with a good spawning induction effect are selected to be subjected to artificial dry-method fertilization, running water incubation is conducted on fertilized embryos in a pure water incubation device, fish fry are raised after being incubated, the raised fish fry are detected and screened, hybrid offspring of the cyprinus carpio and the megalobrama amblycephala are obtained through flow cytometry DNA content determination and renal tissue chromosome ploidy detection, and the hybrid offspring comprise diploid natural gynogenesis cyprinus carpio, diploid natural gynogenesis mirror carps, diploid fish like the cyprinus carpio and tetraploid hybrid fish. The method has the advantages that the rate of fertilization is high, the incubating rate is high, the offspring are excellent in character, and the method has great significance in genetic breeding.

A method for preparing the distant hybrid of chrysanthemum by embryo rescue includes hybridization between wild diplontic chrysanthemum and cultured hexaplontic 'Huang Ying', embryo rescue by ovary culture, discriminating their descendants by different approaches, and choosing the descendant with new characters.

The invention discloses a breeding method of poplar haploid and belongs to the field of selective breeding of poplar haploid. The breeding method comprises the following steps: (1) inoculating sterilized poplar anthers to a callus induction culture medium for callus induction culture to obtain poplar calli; (2) inoculating the poplar calli to an adventitious bud differentiation culture medium for differentiation culture of adventitious buds to obtain poplar adventitious buds; (3) inoculating the poplar adventitious buds to a rooting culture medium for rooting culture to obtain test-tube plantlets; and (4) performing ploidy identification to obtain poplar haploid plants. The breeding method of poplar haploid solves the problems occurring in poplar haploid breeding, has the advantages of high callus induction rate, high callus organ differentiation rate, high breeding rate and simple induced breeding operation, can produce high-quality poplar test-tube plantlets with high yield during a short time, achieves the purpose of large-scale industrial production, and provides a material basis for breeding, quality improvement and genetic research of poplar.

The invention relates to an industrial production method of Cymbidium germchit based on sexual hybridization. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps of: firstly identifying chromosome number and ploidy of Cymbidium parents; selecting pairing hybridized combinations according to the ploidy; carrying out a sexual hybridization pollination of the Cymbidium; managing the pollinated Cymbidium; carrying out a nonsymbiotic germination culture on Cymbidium seeds; inducing and differentiating protocorms (PLBs) of the Cymbidium seeds; differentiating bigger seedlings of the Cymbidium; transplanting the Cymbidium seedlings into bottles; and managing the cultivation of the Cymbidium transplanted seedlings. On the basis of indentifying the chromosomes of the Cymbidium parents, the method provided by the invention selectively pairs the hybridized combinations and carries out the sexual hybridization pollination, so that the aims of improving varieties and breeding new varieties are achieved; then a lot of Cymbidium germchit can be industrially produced through a tissue culture method.

The invention discloses a reagent for detecting a copy number of an EGFR gene and the ploidy of a chromosome 7. The reagent comprises a fluorescence probe RP11-339F13 used for detecting the copy number of the EGFR gene and a fluorescence probe RP11-144H20 used for detecting the ploidy of the chromosome 7, wherein the RP11-339F13 is cloned by BAC, which covers the whole EGFR gene, and marked with rhodamine fluorescein; and RP11-144H20 is cloned by specific BAC of the centromere of the chromosome 7 and marked with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The reagent can quickly, simply and conveniently detect the copy number of the EGFR gene and the ploidy of the chromosome 7, contributes to the judgment of medicament susceptibility and prognostic judgment, and has great significance for the guidance of use of molecular targeted medicament tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer and the like.

The invention discloses a novel germplasm creating method by distant hybridization of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino and Raphanus sativus. The method uses autotetraploid Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino as a female parent and autotetraploid Raphanus sativus as a male parent to conduct artificial sexual crossbreeding; and repeated pollination and in vitro embryo rescue techniques are employed to obtain distant hybridization novel germplasm of autotetraploid Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino and autotetraploid Raphanus sativus. The invention for the first time adopts sexual crossbreeding of the autotetraploid Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis Makino and autotetraploid Raphanus sativus and in vitro embryo rescue technique to obtain new germplasm of distant hybridization. Compared with traditional diploid hybridization, which obtains zygotic embryo for ploidy reduplication, the method does not require chromosome doubling operation, and can significantly shorten the breeding time; and the hybrid F1 can reach stable inheritance. The novel germplasm created by the invention creation has the genetic materials of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino and Raphanus sativus, and a wider genetic diversity.

The invention discloses a breeding method for kumquat triploid. The method comprises the following steps: tetraploid mutagenesis, sprouting cultivation of seeds after mutagenesis, chromosome ploidy inspection, cultivation of tetraploid plants, tetraploid fruit harvesting and seed extraction, tetraploid embryo separation and cultivation, embryo chromosome detection, and cultivation of triploid seedlings. According to the method, a sexual hybridization process is avoided; the interference of nucellar embryo is eliminated; the triploid is directly separated and cultivated from polyembryonic tetraploid seeds; and the method has the advantages of being simple to operate, and short in breeding period.

The invention discloses a flaking method of petunia chromosome. The method comprises the following steps: getting a petunia young bud at 8:00-10:00 in the morning of a clear day, placing in 0.002mol.L<-1> 8-hydroxyquinoline aqueous solution for pre-treating at low temperature, transferring into a Carnoy's fluid to be fixed, performing low-permeation through 0.075mol.L<-1> potassium chloride, and then water-bathing at 60 DEG.C in 1mol.L<-1> HCl solution for decomposing, washing and then low-permeating through the distilled water, and staining through aceto-carmine staining solution, transferring the young bud onto a glass slide, cutting to get a pistil stigma part, flaking and performing microscopy. The bud size, the pretreatment method, the decomposition and staining method and time and the flaking processes of petunias with different ploidy at optimal sampling time are determined, the obtained chromosome is uniform in dispersion, easy to count and easy for performing karyotype analysis, the operation is simple and convenient, the efficiency is high, and the method has a good application prospect.

The invention discloses a culture method for a brassica oleracea L. var. acephala microspore regeneration plant. The method comprises the following steps: taking inflorescences of brassica oleracea L. var. acephala and rape, directly taking or taking after induction alabastrum of the inflorescences, adding the alabastrum into NLN-13 induced medium after disinfection to form fluid suspension, carrying out filtering, and centrifuging the filtrate to obtain a precipitate; adding NLN-13 induced medium and active carbon mixed liquor in order so as to obtain a microspore fluid suspension; carrying out a heat shock treatment, followed by culturing so as to obtain embryoids in cotyledon stage; inoculating the embryoids to embryoid differential medium until the embryoids are differentiated and regenerates into buds; cutting the regenerated buds to a rooting medium for rooting culture, and hardening and transplanting seedlings to obtain regenerated plants; taking young leaves of the regenerated plants for the detection of ploidy of corresponding regenerated plants and determining regenerated seedlings of rape and brassica oleracea L. var. acephala in the regenerated plants. According to the method provided in the invention, rape which is easy to generate embryos and brassica oleracea L. var. acephala which is difficult to generate embryos are mixedly cultured; the material which is easy to generate embryos is used to spur the material which is difficult to generate embryos; therefore the ratio of embryos of brassica oleracea L. var. acephala is improved.

The invention discloses a cultivation method of a gynogenesis megalobrama amblycephala, which comprises the following steps of: firstly selecting and breeding a female megalobrama amblycephala and a male erythroculter ilishaeformis bleeker as parent fishes; then carrying out artificial induced spawning to obtain the sperms of the erythroculter ilishaeformis bleeker and the ripe ovums of the megalobrama amblycephala; mixing the erythroculter ilishaeformis bleeker sperms inactivated by ultraviolet rays with the ripe ovums of the megalobrama amblycephala; 3-4 minutes later, placing the ovums activated at 0-4 DEG C for cold shock treatment for 20-30 minutes; and after incubating embryos treated by cold shock at 23-24 DEG C, obtaining diploid gynogenesis megalobrama amblycephalas through a flow type cell DNA content determination method and a chromosome ploidy detection method of peripheral blood cell culturing. The cultivation method of the gynogenesis megalobrama amblycephala has the advantages of short cultivation time, fast growth speed, high incubation rate, excellent offspring property, and the like, and has great importance on aspects of fish inheritance breeding and biological evolution researches.

The invention provides a copy number variation detection method and device. The detection method comprises the following steps: acquiring sequencing comparison data of a to-be-detected sample; calculating the sequencing depth of each base site in the sequencing comparison data; dividing a reference genome into a plurality of bins, and calculating the copy number of each bin of the to-be-detected sample by utilizing the sequencing depth of each basic group site; and combining bins of which the copy number is different from the ploidy of the specified contig to obtain an area in which the embryonic system copy number varies. In the aspect, deletion or repetition of a gene exon in the length more than 1000bp can be detected; compared with a chip method in the prior art, the method of the invention has higher coverage and resolution and more accurate copy number evaluation for detecting the CNV, not only can the copy number variation condition of some known sites be detected, but also theunknown copy number variation condition can be detected, and the detection sensitivity is improved.