62results about How to "Broaden the genetic base" patented technology

The invention provides a method for breeding an improved mutton sheep strain, which includes the steps: firstly, using a plurality of rams as strain ancestors to mate with 30-50 ewes respectively so as to establish a plurality of families; secondly, performing beneficial-trait within-family selection to more than four generations of the families established in the step 1; thirdly, subjecting the families selected in the step 2 to family hybridization; fourthly, using hybrids obtained in the step 3 and family non-hybrids to establish a strain breeding core group, and grouping other individualsas a production group; fifthly, subjecting the core group established in the step 4 to beneficial trait selection, opening the core group, allowing selected qualified individuals in the production group to enter the core group, introducing 'foreign blood' timely to avoid inbreeding depression; and sixthly, obtaining the mutton sheep strain with beneficial traits adaptable to local environment by multi-generational breeding. By using the method to breed the improved mutton sheep strain, dependence on foreign varieties is lessened, and the current situation of 'all introduction and propagation and no breeding' in the field of breeding sheep introduction in China is changed.

The invention discloses a protein related to rice panicle type and an encoding gene and an application thereof. The protein is the a) or b) protein as follows: a) the protein consisting of an amino acid sequence shown as the sequence 4 in a sequence table; and b) the protein derived by substituting and / or deleting and / or adding one or a plurality of amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence shown as the sequence 4 in the sequence table and being related to the plant panicle type. Functional complementary experiments and transgenic experiments probe that the protein and the encoding gene thereof provided by the invention can control the plant panicle type, in particular to promote plants to show the erect panicle phenotype; and the protein and the encoding gene thereof enhance the research of the breeding of erect panicle type rice, thereby having important significance for expanding the genetic basis of the types of the existing erect panicle type and playing a significant role in genetic breeding of the rice.

The invention belongs to the field of cotton genetic breeding, and relates to a precocity short-fruit-spur upland cotton new-germplasm breeding method. The method includes the steps that hybridization and backcrossing are carried out with simian 2 as a female parent and gossypium klotzschianum as a male parent to obtain F1 plants and BC1F1 plants capable of normally growing; multi-generation backcrossing is carried out through simian 2 continuously, then backcross descendants are separated through selfing, zero type fruit spur families and first type fruit spur families good in prematurity and yielding ability are selected in separated groups, and precocity cotton new germplasm with the growth period of about 105 days, the zero-type or first-type fruit spurs, the compact plant type, concentrated boll opening, the good boll-setting performance, the high ginning outturn and the good fiber quality is bred through continuous multi-generation selfing and field orientation optimization in cooperation with an indoor plant laboratory test. The precocity source comes from the gossypium klotzschianum, and the hereditary basis of precocity breeding is expanded; precocity genes in the gossypium klotzschianum can be used by breeding and are of great significance in science and production.

The invention discloses a fresh maize heterosis group step-by-step classification germplasm improvement and breeding technology system. The system comprises the steps of selecting of the high-quality germplasm and coeno-species of a three-group combination recurrent selection initial group, resistance selection, double haploid breeding, DH system testing, combining ability measurement, application of a DH system in breeding, combination of a second recurrent initial group, and the like. The system provided by the invention advocates to widely perform recurrent selection in respects of various pest and disease damage resistance, lodging resistance, quality, yield and the like in a multi-ecological condition, and performing group interchanging and mutual combination to polymerize valuable genes with high quality, high yield, multiple resistances, wide applicability and the like, so that excellent characteristics of a group are accumulated step by step, and the breeding performance is gradually increased.

The invention relates to a corn gene ZmRAVL1 and a functional site and application thereof. According to the method, the functional site controlling angle between leaf and stem phenotype is positionedto 240 bp through fine mapping, and different angle between leaf and stem phenotypes are generated through insertion or deletion of the region. The invention proves that the corn yield can be increased under high planting density by utilizing the excellent natural variation improved inbred line from Teosinte, and the sources of available excellent alleles in plant breeding are broadened. The invention proves that the reduction of the expression of ZmRAVL1 can influence plant type, for example, the reduction of angle between leaf and stem by a genetic engineering technology (RNAi), and provides an excellent gene resource for genetic engineering breeding. More excellent alleles are generated by the invention through a gene editing technology, so that the selection process of the excellent alleles is greatly shortened, and a new thought for obtaining available excellent alleles in breeding practice is provided. By combining a molecular assisted selection technology, an excellent inbred line can be rapidly and accurately improved or generated, and the invention provide the possibility for wide application of excellent alleles.

The invention provides a brassica napus cytoplasmic male sterile restore line population improvement method. The method comprises the following steps: a restore line is taken as a female parent and is hybridized with a plurality of inbred lines, a first filial generation selects a fertile plant as a female parent for backcross and inbred for a generation, restore gene locus homozygous single plants are selected through identification, equivalent seeds are taken from each single plant and mixed to form an S0 population, the S0 population is sown, a chemical inducer is sprayed to the female parent, open pollination is carried out in the population to harvest chemically-induced sterile plant seeds to form a recurrent selection population S1, then recurrent selection is carried out for at least 6 times, and a DH single plant obtained by carrying out field planting and microspore culture on a screened target single plant is a brassica napus cytoplasmic male sterile restore line. According to the method, a chemical induction method is initiatively adopted to acquire a sterile plant, so that the time and the labor are saved, and finally, the genetic basis of the restore line is wide; and more importantly, in the process of applying a chemically-induced sterile plant to carry out recurrent selection, the ratio of restore genes in the recurrent population is stable to be 100 percent.

The invention relates to a method for obtaining hybrid seeds of water lily varieties and belongs to the technical field of plant breeding. The method comprises the main technical measures of after intervarietal hybridization is performed, performing asepsis treatment on pollinated 14-16-days ovaries after pollination, taking out embryos from the ovaries, and cultivating the embryos serving as explants in a culture medium with 1 / 2MS added with 1.5mg / L of 2,4-D of and 2.0mg / L of 6-BA, performing subculture and expanding propagation to obtain seedlings, and transferring the seedlings into a culture medium with MS added with 0.2mg / L of NAA for rooting, wherein the culture temperature is 20-25 DEG C, illumination time is 10-12 hours every day, and the illuminance is 1,600-2,000lx. According to the method, the key technical problem of obstacle caused by hybridization and fertilization of the water lily varieties can be solved, and seedlings of the hybrid seeds of the water lily varieties can be obtained.

The invention belongs to the technical field of paddy rice breeding and discloses a paddy rice breeding method. According to the paddy rice breeding method, an imported foreign material is hybridizedwith a local variety; after different generations of separation and selection are carried out, properties are listed as follows: a combination (1): IR71121-35-1-1-1-2 / V13 hybridized F4 has the plant height of 80 cm, the quantity of total grains per ear is 246.7 and the fruiting rate is 73.4 percent; a combination (2): IR64446-2 / Dianjingyou No. 5 hybridized F5 has the plant height of 90 cm, the quantity of total grains per ear is 189.0 and the fruiting rate is 93.5 percent; a combination (3): Taebongbyeo / Undong 31 / / Yujing No. 8 hybridized F3 has the plant height of 90 cm, the quantity of totalgrains per ear is 203.0 and the fruiting rate is 91.0 percent. The paddy rice breeding method provides abundant paddy rice breeding resources for scientific researches and variety improvement of riceculture; the intra-regional and inter-regional genetic diversity is further expanded and a new leap of the production of paddy rice is realized.

The invention relates to a high-oleic acid peanut mutant gene AhFAD2B-814 and application thereof and belongs to the field of plant molecular breeding. A nucleotide sequence of the mutant gene AhFAD2B-814 is shown as SEQ ID NO.: 1 and consists of 1140 bases. The high-oleic acid peanut mutant gene AhFAD2B-814 and the application thereof provided by the invention have the benefits that a mutant nucleotide sequence of a peanut high-oleic acid mutant oleic acid dehydrogenase gene can be introduced into other peanut varieties or strains with common oleic acid contents by applying conventional breeding methods such as hybridization, backcrossing and the like, the oleic acid content of a target variety or strain introduced with the mutant nucleotide sequence of the gene AhFAD2B-814 is improved, the genetic diversity of a high-oleic acid peanut variety (strain) is significantly increased, and the genetic basis of a high-oleic acid peanut is widened; during high-oleic acid peanut breeding, by selecting a peanut material carrying an AhFAD2A mutant genotype as a parent, the selection on high-oleic acid characters of a breeding offspring is more purposeful, and the occurrence frequency of target traits is improved.

The invention relates to an in-vitro oriented screening method of a peanut high-oil body, which is capable of solving the problems that peanuts are lack of high-oil germplasm resources and high-yieldand high-oil peanut varieties are difficult to cultivate through conventional breeding. The high-oil body is screened through an in-vitro oriented screening way, a screening process is proceeded in aculture medium, a large amount of culture materials without resistance are eliminated, a large amount of resources and cost can be saved and reduced, mutagenic culture and oriented screening can be carried out all the year round, and the operation is convenient. New peanut high-oil germplasms can be created and screened, genetic basis of peanuts can be broadened, and the difficulty that breeding of the high-yield and high-oil new varieties is difficult to break through as the peanuts are lack of the high-oil germplasm resources can be overcome.

The invention discloses a method for breeding a normal corn inbred line by using a hard grain type waxy corn inbred line. According to the method, a corn inbred line is bred with a method of one-time hybridization of the early-maturing hard grain type waxy corn inbred line and repeated backcrossing of normal corn, so that rapid breeding of a new normal corn species with excellent quality, high unit weight and early maturity is realized. With the adoption of the method, the quality of the normal corn inbred line is improved, the hereditary basis of normal corn is widened, types of the normal corn are enriched, the corn growth period is shortened, and the method has the important social significance and economic value.

Belonging to the technical field of plant breeding, the invention relates to a method for acquiring cucumis melo wild species and cultivating thick skin cucumis melo hybrid species. The main technical measures include: conducting cucumis melo interspecific hybridization, then conducting aseptic treatment on an ovary pollinated for 15-21d, taking out immature embryos, then putting the immature embryos in a hormone added 1 / 2MS medium for culture, then carrying out subculture to obtain seedlings, controlling the culture temperature at 26DEG C, the daily illumination time at 10-12h, and the illuminance at 1600-2000lx. The method provided by the invention can solve the key technical problem of cucumis melo interspecific hybridization reproductive disorder, and also can acquire cucumis melo interspecific hybrid seedlings.

The invention relates to a method for breeding homotype waxy corn selfing line by sweet corn selfing line. The method comprises the steps of (1) selecting waxy corn resource as female parent and sweet corn selfing line as male parent to obtain cross-bred clusters; (2) planting seeds of the cross-bred clusters, and taking sweet corn selfing line as male parent to obtain backcross clusters; (3) threshing the backcross clusters, selecting and remaining non-sweet seeds, planting single seeds, carrying out single plant bagging selfing, selecting clusters with waxy seeds, threshing single clusters, and selecting and remaining waxy non-sweet seeds; (4) planting the waxy non-sweet seeds selected and remained by step (3), repeating three cycles from step (1) to step (3) to obtain the waxy corn selfing material which has the same type as the sweet corn selfing line; and (5) carrying out single seed planting on the selfing material obtained in step (4), carrying out single plate bagging selfing, and selecting the clusters without sweet seeds to be threshed to obtain the waxy corn selfing line which has the same type as that of the sweet corn selfing line.

The invention discloses a breeding and propagation method of a sterile line novel variety of flue-cured tobacco. The method comprises the steps that a cytoplasmic male sterile line MSG28 of the flue-cured tobacco serves as a source of cytoplasm sterile genes, MSG28 serves as a female parent, CZ-1 serves as a recurrent parent, after hybridization is conducted, backcross is continuously conducted for six generations and a novel cytoplasmic male sterile line MSCZ-1 is obtained through cultivation; the sterile line MSCZ-1 serves as a female parent, a maintainer line CZ-1 serves as a male parent, outbreeding is conducted, and the sterile line MSCZ-1 is preserved. The flue-cured tobacco sterile line MSCZ-1 bred through the method has the advantages of being stable in sterility, excellent in agronomic trait, high in yield and output value, good in easy-curing property and curing resistance, good in appearance and internal quality of tobacco leaves, coordinated in chemical composition and the like, and novel excellent sterile line germplasm is provided for heterosis utilization research work of the flue-cured tobacco.

The invention discloses a culture method for a stable and homozygous tobacco chromosome single fragment substitution line. The culture method comprises the steps that tobacco germplasm Y3 with a good comprehensive form serves as a recurrent parent, the high-quality tobacco variety K326 and the disease-resistant cigar variety Beinhart 1000-1 serve as donor parents, the technologies of hybridization, backcrossing and molecular marker-assisted selection are adopted, molecular markers obtained through an established tobacco genetic linkage map are used for carrying out assisted selection on the backcrossing second generation and the subsequent backcrossing generations thereof, and the self-crossing first generation and the later generations thereof, chromosome substitution fragment features are identified, and the stable and homozygous tobacco chromosome single fragment substitution line is obtained. By means of the culture method, the genetic basis of tobacco varieties can be expanded, permeation of exogenous good germplasm to culture varieties can be rapidly achieved, a convenient, practical, scientific and efficient approach is provided for the high-quality and disease resistance polymerization oriented improvement on tobacco, the selectivity of the breeding process is improved, the breeding efficiency is improved, and the culture process of new high-quality and disease resistance tobacco varieties and the seed industrialization process are accelerated.

The invention discloses a breeding method for high-hardness wheat. The wheat bred according to the method contains a wheat-rye translocation chromosome T5DL.5DS-2RS, and the translocation chromosome lacks hardness genes Pina and Pinb carried by 5DS and a soft protein gene Gsp1, so that the grain hardness is remarkably improved, the protein content is high, and the method is a new method for breeding common wheat similar to the hard-grained wheat. One disclosed molecular marker combination can accurately distinguish T5DL-5DS-2RS homozygotes, heterozygotes and non-translocation single plants atthe same time through one-time amplification, marker-assisted selection and utilization of the T5DL.5DS-2RS in high-hardness wheat breeding are facilitated, the new method is provided for wheat quality improvement, and the breeding method belongs to the technical field of crop genetic breeding and agricultural biology.

The invention relates to the field of soybean molecular breeding, in particular to a QTL related to soybean hundred-grain weight, a molecular marker, an amplification primer and application. Cultivated soybeans and wild beans are used as parents to construct a genetic population, the genetic population is positioned to one QTL related to the soybean hundred-grain weight, the QTL is located in the 1641719bp-1795446bp interval of the No.7 chromosome of the soybeans, the marker interval is only 0.15 Mb, and a molecular marker SSR-09-089 related to the hundred-grain weight is identified and can be used for molecular marker-assisted selective breeding and mining of related functional genes; meanwhile, wild resources can be utilized, and the genetic basis of soybean cultivation is widened.

The invention provides a method for promoting rapid germination of wild flax seeds. The method comprises the following steps: (1), collecting the seeds; (2), treating the seeds at low temperature; (3), disinfecting the seeds; (4), soaking by using warm water; (5), transplanting; (6), performing germination culture: performing light irradiation culture in a container in the step (5) until the seedsare white; (7), forming seedlings: adding a 1 / 2 MS nutrient solution or a 1 / 2 Hoad land nutrient solution into the container until the wild flax seeds germinate and grow. The wild flax seed germinating method provided by the invention is simple, easy to implement and free of complex operation, and according to the wild flax seed germinating method, the germination and seedling formation of the wild flax seeds can be quickly and effectively promoted and the germination rate of the wild flax seeds is increased to 90.24% or above. The method has an important significance in accelerating reproduction, preserving excellent wild flax resources, extracting DNA for molecular-level research, using the wild flax resources for discovering excellent genes and broadening the genetic basis of flax, performing genetic research on the flax and improving the variety.

The invention is characterized by that, wild soybeans are used as female parent, the first generation cultivated soybeans are used as the male parent for cross-breeding, then hybrid seed selection is carried out between the different generation material of the filial generation and the second generation cultivated soybeans, the advantages of the invention are expanded cytoplasmic inheritance basis for soybean cultivation, higher output of seed, increased protein content, lower insect eating rate and better agricultural property.

The invention provides a method for breeding an improved mutton sheep strain, which includes the steps: firstly, using a plurality of rams as strain ancestors to mate with 30-50 ewes respectively so as to establish a plurality of families; secondly, performing beneficial-trait within-family selection to more than four generations of the families established in the step 1; thirdly, subjecting the families selected in the step 2 to family hybridization; fourthly, using hybrids obtained in the step 3 and family non-hybrids to establish a strain breeding core group, and grouping other individuals as a production group; fifthly, subjecting the core group established in the step 4 to beneficial trait selection, opening the core group, allowing selected qualified individuals in the production group to enter the core group, introducing 'foreign blood' timely to avoid inbreeding depression; and sixthly, obtaining the mutton sheep strain with beneficial traits adaptable to local environment by multi-generational breeding. By using the method to breed the improved mutton sheep strain, dependence on foreign varieties is lessened, and the current situation of 'all introduction and propagation and no breeding' in the field of breeding sheep introduction in China is changed.

The invention discloses a breeding and propagation method of a sterile line novel variety of flue-cured tobacco. The method comprises the steps that a cytoplasmic male sterile line MSG28 of the flue-cured tobacco serves as a source of cytoplasm sterile genes, MSG28 serves as a female parent, a variety, Zun-tobacco No. 6, serves as a recurrent parent, after hybridization is conducted, backcross is continuously conducted for six generations and a novel cytoplasmic male sterile line MSZun-tobacco No. 6 is obtained through cultivation; the sterile line MSZun-tobacco No. 6 serves as a female parent, a maintainer line Zun-tobacco No. 6 serves as a male parent, outbreeding is conducted, and the sterile line MSZun-tobacco No. 6 is preserved. The flue-cured tobacco sterile line MSZun-tobacco No. 6 bred through the method has the advantages of being stable in sterility, excellent in agronomic trait, high in yield and output value, high in comprehensive resistance, good in appearance and internal quality of tobacco leaves, coordinated in chemical composition and the like, and novel excellent sterile line germplasm is provided for heterosis utilization research work of the flue-cured tobacco.

The invention belongs to the field of crop genetic breeding, and in particular to molecular markers closely linked with a dwarf gene and an application of the molecular markers. The molecular markersare umc1383 and umc2241, wherein the sequence of the umc1383 is shown in SEQ ID No.1, and the sequence of the umc2241 is shown in SEQ ID No.2. According to the invention, genetic analysis is carried out on an EMS-induced maize dwarf mutant (Zheng 58d), and it finds that the phenotype of the dwarf mutant is controlled by a recessive single gene. Polymorphism screening is performed on Zheng 58, Zheng 58d, a hybrid pool and a homozygous pool by using SSR primers covering a whole genome, and a target gene is positioned on a first chromosome, so that the two SSR molecular markers umc1383 and umc2241 which are tightly linked with the target gene are screened out. The Zheng 58d contains the dwarf gene and thus has excellent rust resistance and comprehensive characteristics.

The invention discloses a stem-segment <60>Co-gamma ray radiation mutation breeding method for sweet potato. The method provided by the invention comprises the steps of seedling collection, mutation treatment, transplanting and management after transplanting, and continuous cutting propagation and artificial selection of mutant individuals. According to the invention, a treated material is a stemsegment (comprising terminal buds and a great amount of lateral buds), so large quantities of materials can be treated by one time, and the breeding period is effectively shortened; through a vegetative propagation manner of continuous cutting, generation of a chimera is overcome, and stable and uniform variant plants are obtained; meanwhile, by adoption of <60>Co-gamma ray radiation for mutationof the stem segment of the sweet potato, rich genetic variation can be created; the genetic basis of the sweet potato is broadened; a simple, convenient and highly-efficient method is provided for breeding of new varieties of the sweet potato; and the genetic basis of germplasm resources of the sweet potato is broadened.

The invention relates to a method for obtaining hybrid seeds of water lily varieties and belongs to the technical field of plant breeding. The method comprises the main technical measures of after intervarietal hybridization is performed, performing asepsis treatment on pollinated 14-16-days ovaries after pollination, taking out embryos from the ovaries, and cultivating the embryos serving as explants in a culture medium with 1 / 2MS added with 1.5mg / L of 2,4-D of and 2.0mg / L of 6-BA, performing subculture and expanding propagation to obtain seedlings, and transferring the seedlings into a culture medium with MS added with 0.2mg / L of NAA for rooting, wherein the culture temperature is 20-25 DEG C, illumination time is 10-12 hours every day, and the illuminance is 1,600-2,000lx. According to the method, the key technical problem of obstacle caused by hybridization and fertilization of the water lily varieties can be solved, and seedlings of the hybrid seeds of the water lily varieties can be obtained.

The invention discloses a selection and reproduction method for a new variety of a flue-cured tobacco sterile line. The method comprises the following steps: hybridizing flue-cured tobacco cytoplasm male sterile line MSG28 serving as a cytoplasm sterile gene source which is a female parent and the variety TZ-1 serving as a recurrent parent, then continuously backcrossing for 6 generations, and culturing a novel cytoplasm male sterile line MSTZ-1; outbreeding the sterile lineM MSTZ-1 serving as the female parent and a maintainer line TZ-1 serving as a male parent to save the sterile line MSTZ-1. The flue-cured tobacco sterile line MSTZ-1 selected by the selection and reproduction method has the advantages of stable sterility, high integrated resistance, high tobacco leaf appearance internal quality, coordinative chemical component and the like, and a new good sterile line variety is provided for the research on the advantage utilization of flue-cured tobacco hybrids.

The invention discloses a germplasm improvement and breeding technology system of step-by-step classification of heterozygous groups of fresh-eating corn, including selection of excellent germplasm and hybrids of the initial population, selection of resistance, double haploid breeding, DH line testing, combining ability determination, DH line is used in breeding and assembling the second cycle of the original population and other steps. The present invention advocates the reincarnation selection of multi-pest resistance, lodging resistance, quality, yield, etc. under multi-ecological conditions, and performs group exchange and mutual combination to aggregate good genes such as high-quality, high-yield, multi-resistance, and wide-adaptation. , so that the excellent characteristics of the population are gradually accumulated, and the breeding performance is gradually improved.

A method for preparing the distant hybrid of chrysanthemum by embryo rescue includes hybridization between wild diplontic chrysanthemum and cultured hexaplontic 'Huang Ying', embryo rescue by ovary culture, discriminating their descendants by different approaches, and choosing the descendant with new characters.

The invention discloses a protein related to rice panicle type and an encoding gene and an application thereof. The protein is the a) or b) protein as follows: a) the protein consisting of an amino acid sequence shown as the sequence 4 in a sequence table; and b) the protein derived by substituting and / or deleting and / or adding one or a plurality of amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence shown as the sequence 4 in the sequence table and being related to the plant panicle type. Functional complementary experiments and transgenic experiments probe that the protein and the encoding gene thereof provided by the invention can control the plant panicle type, in particular to promote plants to show the erect panicle phenotype; and the protein and the encoding gene thereof enhance the research of the breeding of erect panicle type rice, thereby having important significance for expanding the genetic basis of the types of the existing erect panicle type and playing a significant role in genetic breeding of the rice.

The invention discloses a culture medium for in-vitro directional screening of a peanut high oil body and a screening method, and belongs to the technical field of peanut breeding. The culture mediumfor in-vitro directional screening of the peanut high oil body comprises a somatic embryo germination and screening culture medium, a seedling formation and screening culture medium and a recovery culture medium; the somatic embryo germination and screening culture medium takes an MS culture medium as a basic culture medium, and 3-5mmol / L HYP and 3-5mg / L BAP are added; the seedling formation and screening culture medium takes the MS culture medium as a basic culture medium, and 7-9mmol / L HYP and 1-3mg / L BAP are added; and the recovery culture medium takes the MS culture medium as a basic culture medium, and 1-3mg / L BAP is added. The culture medium is adopted to screen the peanut high oil body, the screening efficiency can be improved, and the seedling hardening time of screened plants in the later period can be effectively shortened.

The invention discloses a pretreatment method for cryopreservation of soybean pollen. The invention provides a method for long-term cryopreservation of soybean pollen through pretreatment. The method can keep the activity of the soybean pollen in vitro for a long time, and the pollen preserved at the ultralow temperature is successfully applied to hybridization to obtain hybrid seeds. According to the invention, the time and space limitation of soybean hybridization can be broken through, and technical support is provided for solving the problems of flowering asynchronism and cross-regional breeding of soybean hybridization breeding; the method has important significance in expanding the application range of soybean variety breeding parents and widening the genetic basis of soybean varieties; and technical support can be provided for pollen culture and genetic transformation.