The invention relates to the technical field of sweet potato breeding, in particular to a method for creating tetraploid and pentaploid new
germplasm containing wild
germplasm Xu potato 18, which comprises the following steps: by taking a hexaploid sweet potato variety Xu potato 18 (2n = 6x = 90) as a female parent and a diploid related wild variety
Ipomoea trifida (2n = 2x = 30) as a male parent, carrying out Brazil
morning glory
grafting and short-
day treatment to induce flowering, and then controlling
pollination hybridization to obtain a tetraploid
hybrid F1;
backcrossing the tetraploid serving as a female parent with Xu potato 18 to obtain a pentaploid new
germplasm;
chromosome ploidy is identified through a cytological method,
hybrid authenticity is verified through SSR molecular markers, and new germplasm characteristics are analyzed and evaluated in combination with phenotypic character investigation and rooting characteristic analysis; the novel pentaploid germplasm carrying exogenous
genetic materials is successfully created, the genetic background of sweet potato cultivated varieties is effectively widened, valuable bridge germplasm is provided, and a reliable technical scheme and germplasm support are provided for sweet potato variety improvement and excavation and utilization of excellent genes of related
wild species.