The invention provides a preparation method of a tin-cobalt alloy cathode material of a lithium ion battery, and relates to a cathode material of a lithium ion battery. The invention provides the preparation method of the tin-cobalt alloy cathode material of the lithium ion battery, which has the advantages of environment friendliness, low cost, large original capacity, good circulation property, easiness of large-scale production and the like. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: adding acid into de-ionized water, controlling a pH (Potential of Hydrogen) value to be equal to 0.5-2 and adding a tin source, a cobalt source, a surfactant and a stabilizer, so as to obtain a solution A; secondly, dissolving a precipitant in the de-ionized water, so as to obtain a solution B; adding the solution B into the solution A, stirring, then filtering and washing a reacted solution, so as to obtain a filter cake, diffusing the filter cake in an organic solvent, filtering the organic solvent and smashing the dried filter cake to obtain a precursor; doping the obtained precursor in a carbon source, uniformly mixing the precursor and the carbon source, then placing a mixture in a tube furnace, heating the mixture to a temperature of 700-1000 DEG C, keeping the temperature for 2-6h and then cooling to a room temperature, so as to obtain the tin-cobalt alloy cathode material of the lithium ion battery.