The invention provides an improved multifunctional pathological sampling and slicing device comprising a main fixing rod, an auxiliary fixing rod, a slicing placing box, a retaining ring, a rotating tube, a U-shaped handle, an anti-sliding rubber sleeve, an odor adsorption discharge machine, a dustproof uncapping structure, a rapid dehumidification and moisture-proof ventilator, a position-movableadjustable adsorption frame, a damping spring, a rubber outer sleeve, a damping base and an anti-sliding rubber pad. The main fixing rod is horizontally welded to a middle position of the upper leftside of the slicing placing box. The arrangement of a hollowed-out cap, a discharge pipe, an exhaust motor, a machine base, fan blades, an intake conduit, a joining lining base, an air absorption cover and an adsorption ball is favorable for timely adsorption of odor generated by slicing, and the problem that the odor pollutes the environment during discharge can be solved; and the arrangement ofa joining base, a fixing frame, a dust cap, a dustproof sealing strip, a handle and a magnet block is favorable for preventing dust from entering the slicing placing box and affecting follow-up observation work of the slicing.