Fertilizing device and fertilizing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilizing device and a fertilizing method. The fertilizing device comprises a fertilizing head, a fertilizer storage apparatus and a negative pressure chamber, wherein the fertilizing head is disposed on the bottom of the fertilizing device, equipped with fine pores, connected with the fertilizer storage apparatus, and positioned at a predetermined depth and a predetermined distance away from crop roots in soil; the fertilizer storage apparatus, one end of which communicates with the fertilizing head and the other end of which communicates with the negative pressure chamber, is positioned in the middle portion of the fertilizing device and used to store a fertilizer solution; The negative pressure chamber, the lower portion of which communicates with the fertilizer storage apparatus, is positioned on the top of the fertilizing device and filled with air of preset air pressure and volume, so as to make the water potential of the fertilizing head at a pressure containing reserved air higher than that of the soil corresponding to the vigorous growth of crops and less than that of the soil at the field water capacity. By the application of the fertilizing device and the fertilizing method, the utilization rate of fertilizers can be raised, the waste of fertilizers can be minimized, the cost of crops planted by peasant households can be reduced, and the environmental negative effects of fertilizing can be mitigated.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to fertilization technology, in particular to a fertilization device and a fertilization method. Background technique [0002] During the growth of crops, they need to absorb various mineral nutrients from the soil in order to maintain their normal growth and development and complete their life course. Among them, it includes a large number of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, medium elements such as calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, and trace elements such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, and boron. [0003] In the modern agricultural production system, since the cultivated soil can provide limited mineral nutrients for crops to absorb during the crop growing season, providing appropriate amount of mineral nutrients for crops through fertilization is one of the fundamental measures to ensure the yield and quality of crops. According to statistics, tens of millions of tons of fertilizers are applied...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0016] ①The nutrient concentration in the soil solution is very uneven, and there will be a local high concentration in a short period of time after fertilization, which may even cause seedling burning, while in the rest of the long period, the fertilizer concentration may be far lower than what the crops need Appropriate concentration;

[0017] ②The fertilizer is fully mixed with the soil, and the contact area is large: by spreading the fertilizer on the soil, but because the crop root system only exists in a certain area of ​​the soil, and there is no crop root system in other areas of the soil, the fertilizer in this area cannot be absorbed. Plant roots absorb directly, resulting in a waste of fertilizer; and if local fertilization is used, it is difficult to make the fertilization area highly consistent with the crop root area due to the dynamic growth of the crop root system;

[0018] ③ Once the fertilizer is applied to the soil, it will turn around according to its inherent natural law, and the behavior of the fertilizer in the soil cannot be controlled

Especially after the crops are harvested, the remaining fertilizer nutrients that are not absorbed by the crops are basically wasted;

[0019] ④ It is difficult for crops to highly match the demand for nutrients with the supply of fertilizer nutrients, thus affecting the efficient absorption and utilization of fertilizers by crops;

[0020] ⑤If heavy rainfall or excessive irrigation occurs, the fertilizer nutrient will be lost due to excessive soil moisture content

Irrigation and fertigation, that is, dissolving fertilizers into irrigation water, using irrigation water to transport fertilizers into the soil, and using irrigation and fertigation can better solve the problem of uneven nutrient concentration in the soil solution, but for large contact areas between fertilizers and soil, regulation The behavior of fertilizers in the soil, the demand of crops for nutrients and the supply of fertilizer nutrients are difficult to be highly consistent, and the loss of fertilizer nutrients caused by excessive irrigation, and the method of irrigation and fertilization have not been improved or resolved, so that the utilization rate of fertilizers is still relatively low. Furthermore, in many cases, since the water demand period of the crops is not consistent with the nutrient demand period, and due to the weather, the irrigation time is changed. When the crops need a large amount of nutrients, it does not necessarily need to be irrigated. ; Moreover, the method of irrigation and fertilization requires irrigation facilities as the foundation, and irrigation facilities often require power, which increases energy consumption, thereby increasing the cost of farmers' planting crops, and it is difficult to carry out large-scale promotion on ordinary crops

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