High efficiency planting and fertilizing method of less tillage corn based on wheat straw returning to field

Abstract

The invention relates to a high efficiency planting and fertilizing method of less tillage corn based on wheat straw returning to field. The method includes: a planting area is planned before planting; the planting area is divided into planting belt and stripe. The strip is located between the planting belts and the width of the stripe is 50-65 cm. Planting and fertilizing method includes: wheat straw is used to fertilize the soil after returning to field, the wheat straw forms fertilizer belt. The fertilizer belt is placed in a rotation to form a rotary tillage zone. After the rotation tillage, a single grain double row planting corn method is used in the rotary tillage zone, and the seeds are seeded to carry out a total suppression in the rotary tillage zone. The planting and fertilizing method has the advantages that the less tillage soil method of corn planting and fertilizing is less times spreading destroy of soil and less soiled than the traditional tillage sowing, and is conducive to maintaining the stability of the soil microbial flora and ensuring the quality of the emergence. The method can make maximum use of light and heat resources, increase the photosynthetic product. The local lack of seedling ridge in this arrangement can give full play to the potential of individual corn plants to use light and heat, even if the emergence of incomplete production doesn't have too much impact on population yield.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a high-efficiency fertilization method for low-till corn planting based on returning all wheat straw to the field, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. Background technique [0002] Corn is the main food crop in my country. With the improvement of my country's agricultural production level, the requirements for food crops have gradually changed from simply increasing production to increasing income and improving quality and efficiency. In recent years, the price growth rate of food and agricultural products has been too slow compared with that of cash crops, industry and service industries, especially in the past two years, the price of corn has continued to fall and the cost of agricultural inputs has increased. The labor force has gradually decreased, and the enthusiasm for growing grain has been seriously affected. According to my country's national conditions, although the production structure needs...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0003] From the current sowing process, it can be seen that basically every link has the use of machinery, and there are many unreasonable operation methods in the mechanical production process, such as: (1) Straw scattered randomly by wheat combined harvesting machinery and high wheat stubble. It may affect the sowing quality and emergence uniformity of corn under no-tillage conditions; (2) Mechanical single-seed sowing may cause seedling shortage and ridges due to seed quality problems or underground pests, affecting density, while multi-seed sowing is not only wasteful In addition to the increase in seed costs, the seedlings and seedlings in the later stage will also be produced, and the labor input will increase; (3) The most important factor affecting the yield of corn is the density, but blindly increasing the density will increase the group canopy and premature aging, and the productivity of a single plant will not decrease. It is beneficial to increase the yield; (4) affected by the compactness and flatness of the field after wheat harvest, the depth of sowing corn with mechanical no-tillage is different, which affects the uniformity of seedling emergence, and the long-term soil rotary tillage operation of the last stubble wheat results in a shallower plow layer , it is not conducive to the root system of corn seeds to absorb deep soil nutrients, and there may also be lodging in the later stage; (5) Affected by the shortage of agricultural labor force, the phenomenon of not topdressing common compound fertilizers in the later stage of "one shot" has become the mainstream, while some use Farmers with slow and controlled release fertilizers have a poor grasp of the specifications of seed fertilizer and simultaneous sowing, which greatly reduces the quality of sowing, and the yield and income of corn are seriously affected

[0004] Based on the above problems, some predecessors have carried out relevant research. For example, Chinese patent document CN104272958A (application number: 201410570482.4) discloses a corn planting method, which proposes requirements for seed selection, sowing, and management during the growth period. , but this method adopts the planting mode of wide and narrow rows, and the way of planting two corn seedlings in each hole is obviously not conducive to the exertion of the potential of a single plant, and the group setting is not reasonable; Chinese patent document CN 103053256A (application number: 201310026080.3) discloses a The method of sowing and fertilizing wheat and corn with less no-tillage soil under the condition of returning all straw to the field. This method adopts the method of deep loosening the soil, deep and shallow fertilization, and sowing corn. Corn will be on the same line as the submerged fertilization ditch, which will cause corn seeds to fall into the fertilization ditch, resulting in difficulty in seedling emergence. At the same time, the use of equal row spacing or large and small row sowing will also affect the corn yield due to the decrease in density caused by lack of seedlings and broken ridges; Chinese patent document CN 104521383A (application number: 201410776743.8) discloses a fertilization method of a corn seed fertilizer simultaneous sowing formula fertilizer applicator. Under the conditions of popularization and scale, this kind of setting obviously increases the power device, which leads to unnecessary troubles. If any link is not well operated, it will lead to uneven nutrient input. In addition, farmers need to purchase single-quality fertilizer through multiple channels and formulate their own. The procedures are cumbersome, and the utilization rate of this method is not high due to insufficient technical force

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