The invention provides a biomass wood-plastic composite material for 3D (three-dimensional) printing. The composite material is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 30 to 60 parts of PLA (poly lactic acid), 6 to 10 parts of UHMWPE (ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene), 10 to 40 parts of wood dust, bamboo powder or rice hull powder, 10 to 20 parts of paper pulp, 1 to 4 parts of a compatilizer, 1 to 3 parts of a coupling agent, 5 to 10 parts of hollow microspheres, 1 to 3 parts of a lubricant, 0.5 to 2 parts of an antioxidant and 1 to 3 parts of a toughening agent. The composite material is low-carbon, environment-friendly, high in stability, free of hole plugging and warping, can be completely recycled, has the natural friendliness of wood, and has low requirements for machining conditions, and a product has higher physical and mechanical performance and higher weather resistance such as acid and alkali resistance, mothproof performance and ultraviolet resistance.