Farming method for returning straw to field locally in corn and flue-cured tobacco rotating system

A technology of flue-cured tobacco stalks and corn stalks, applied in the field of agriculture, can solve the problems of tobacco fields not obtaining organic matter and nutrients, soil not being improved, waste of organic fertilizer resources, etc., to promote sustainable development of production, increase soil microbial biomass and enzymes Activity, the effect of reducing the spread of pests and diseases

Active Publication Date: 2015-12-16
HUNAN AGRICULTURAL UNIV
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

This traditional method has certain defects. First, the burning of corn stalks pollutes the environment; second, the abandonment of tobacco stalks in the tobacco field provides conditions for the growth of tobacco pests; third, the failure of corn stalks and tobacco stalks to return to the field wastes organic fertilizer resources; Fourth, the tobacco field does not receive organic matter and nutrients, and the soil is not improved, but the degradation is more serious; fifth, the soil is rotated or plowed before corn sowing or flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, which wastes labor and increases production costs.
[0007] In the prior art, in the solution with the application number 201510175054.6, the inventor proposed a method for ecological improvement of tobacco planting soil, which also proposed to bury corn stalks or flue-cured tobacco stalks into the field; but the inventor found that it could not completely solve the problem. The problem of complete no-tillage in the crop rotation process of corn and flue-cured tobacco, that is to say, no-tillage is just no-tillage ditch burial of corn stalks or flue-cured tobacco stalks after the harvest of flue-cured tobacco, but then flue-cured tobacco cannot be continuously cropped. Tilling and ridges, not no-tillage, that is to say, only one season of crops is no-tillage, instead of no-tillage in the whole (two-season crops) rotation, this mode is mainly suitable for tobacco fields with less disease and two-year continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco

Method used

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  • Farming method for returning straw to field locally in corn and flue-cured tobacco rotating system
  • Farming method for returning straw to field locally in corn and flue-cured tobacco rotating system
  • Farming method for returning straw to field locally in corn and flue-cured tobacco rotating system

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0045] In a flue-cured tobacco experimental base in a certain tobacco area, an application test of the method of corn and flue-cured tobacco rotation, straw rot promotion, no-tillage ditch burial and return to tobacco planting soil was carried out.

[0046] Corn is sown in mid-May of the first year, using wide and narrow rows, 70 cm wide and 50 cm narrow, and the corn matures in early August. In mid-October, cut the corn stalks into small pieces of 50-80cm, spread them in the original furrows, and use 650kg / mu. Use 2 kg / mu of organic waste fermented koji produced by Beijing Jingpuyuan Bioengineering Co., Ltd. to spread evenly on the corn stalks, and then cover with soil. The soil covering method is to cut the original ridge from the middle, make the soil on the ridge fall to the direction of the furrow, and bury the corn stalks. The thickness of the covering soil is about 10cm. After covering with soil, make the furrow slightly concave.

[0047] In mid-April of the second ye...

Embodiment 2

[0071] Example 2——The labor comparison of different soil improvement measures

[0072] It can be known from Table 8 that compared with the traditional corn flue-cured tobacco wheel, the present invention can save labor by 3.5 per mu, mainly for corn and flue-cured tobacco land preparation. Compared with the method of the invention 201510175054.6, the present invention can save labor by 3 per mu, among which, corn land preparation can save labor by 1.5 per mu, and no green manure can be planted, which can save labor by 1.5 per mu.

[0073] Table 8 Labor comparison of different soil improvement measures

[0074]

[0075] Note: ① is the method of invention 201510175054.6; ② the method of the present invention; ③ traditional method in mountainous areas

Embodiment 3

[0076] Example 3——Comparison of the biological return amount of different soil improvement measures

[0077] It can be seen from Table 9 that compared with the traditional corn flue-cured tobacco wheel, the present invention increases the amount of straw returning to the field by 1050kg / mu, mainly corn and flue-cured tobacco straw returning to the field. Compared with the method of the previous application 201510175054.6, the present invention can increase the amount of straw returned to the field by 500kg / mu, mainly the amount of flue-cured tobacco straw returned to the field and some large amounts of corn straw; the amount of green manure returned to the field is reduced by 1500kg / mu.

[0078] Table 9 Comparison of biological return amount of different soil improvement measures

[0079]

[0080] Note: ① is the method of invention 201510175054.6; ② is the method of the present invention; ③ is a traditional method in mountainous areas; ④ is the amount of fresh grass.

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Abstract

The invention discloses a farming method for returning straw to the field locally in a corn and flue-cured tobacco rotating system. The method is applied to flue-cured tobacco and corn rotation plough land in a single cropping system and comprises the steps that firstly, corn is ridged to be cultivated, two rows of corn are planted per ridge, the height of each ridge is 30+ / -2 cm, the corn wide row spacing between every two adjacent ridges is 70+ / -5 cm, the narrow row spacing between two rows of corn on each ridge is 50+ / -5 cm, and the distance between plants is 25-30 cm; after the corn is harvested, ploughing is needless, original ridges and furrows are used, and the cut-off straw is directly spread over the furrows to be returned to the field; secondly, microorganism fertilizer is scattered on the straw, and soil on the ridges falls to the furrows for earthing and burying of the straw; in the next year, flue-cured tobacco base fertilizer is scattered in the furrows where the corn straw is buried 10-15 days before the flue-cured tobaccos are transplanted, the flue-cured tobaccos are planted in a single-row-ridge mode, the row spacing is 120+ / -5 cm, and the distance between plants is 50-60 cm; no-tillage ridge gathering is conducted towards the insides of the furrows along the two sides of each furrow, and ridges are formed for cultivating the flue-cured tobaccos. According to the farming method, the corn straw and the flue-cured tobacco straw are directly applied to the tobacco field locally, and therefore sustainable development of a tobacco region is effectively realized.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and relates to a farming method for returning straws to the field in a corn-cured-tobacco rotation system. Background technique [0002] Flue-cured tobacco is not resistant to continuous cropping, and crop rotation is often carried out. In my country's mountainous tobacco-growing areas, crop rotation of corn and flue-cured tobacco is the main method. Corn stalks in mountainous areas are often abandoned in cornfields and set on fire in autumn and winter; flue-cured tobacco stalks are generally lost in mountainous areas as waste. It not only wastes straw resources, but also causes environmental pollution. [0003] Flue-cured tobacco is one of the important economic crops in my country, and it is also the main channel for farmers in mountainous areas to increase their income. With the increase in chemical fertilizer application and long-term continuous cropping in tobacco fields, coupled with...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): A01D82/00
Inventor 邓小华周米良田峰石楠肖志君张明发
Owner HUNAN AGRICULTURAL UNIV
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