Industrial preparation method of hydroxy acetonitrile

Abstract

The invention relates to an industrial preparation method of hydroxy acetonitrile. A formaldehyde solution is enabled to react with hydrocyanic acid at the temperature of 18-23 DEG C so as to obtain afinished hydroxy acetonitrile material, sulfuric acid is added in the finished hydroxy acetonitrile material to adjust a PH (potential of hydrogen) value to 1-2, the finished hydroxy acetonitrile material is cooled through a medium, and finally the finished hydroxy acetonitrile material is stored after being cooled to below 13 DEG C so as to avoid generation of by-products. In the reaction process of the formaldehyde solution and the hydrocyanic acid, anhydrous sodium sulfite as a catalyst is utilized to beneficially increase conversion rate of the reaction, qualified formaldehyde hydroxy acetonitrile is utilized as a solvent to beneficially increase the concentration of the final hydroxy acetonitrile product and to increase the conservation rate.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of organic chemical production, and in particular relates to an industrial preparation method of hydroxyacetonitrile. Background technique [0002] Hydroxyacetonitrile is a colorless to light yellow liquid, highly toxic, can volatilize a mixed gas containing hydrocyanic acid in an open container, can dissolve some metals to form complexes, and is soluble in ethanol and ether. It is widely used in dyes, medicines, pesticides and other fields. [0003] The preparation methods of hydroxyacetonitrile mainly include acetonitrile oxidation method and hydrocyanic acid hydroxymethylation method. The specific process of hydrocyanic acid methylolation method is: liquid formaldehyde and a certain concentration of hydrocyanic acid are directly subjected to addition reaction in normal pressure equipment to generate hydroxyacetonitrile in an appropriate acid-base environment. Although the synthesis principle and experim...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Although the synthesis principle and experimental operation of hydrocyanic acid hydroxymethylation method have been thoroughly studied, the following problems still exist in the industrial production process: the direct reaction between industrial formaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid often cannot be completely reacted, resulting in the production of hydroxyacetonitrile There are more formaldehyde residues in the product, which will affect the further participation of hydroxyacetonitrile in other side reactions during storage

In addition, the chemical properties of hydroxyacetonitrile are very active, which can easily cause side reactions such as hydrolysis, condensation, and esterification, resulting in the existence of a large number of impurities in the later stage.