Fish passing method of high dam comprehensive fish passing facility

Abstract

The invention discloses a fish passing method of a high dam comprehensive fish passing facility. The high dam comprehensive fish passing facility comprises a fish collecting system, a transportation dam passing system, a wharf transfer system and a transportation releasing system. The fish collecting system is arranged in a tail water area of the dam power station and comprises a fish collecting facility and a lifting facility. The fish collecting facility comprises a fish lifting machine for collecting fishes through tail water and a tail water fish collecting box, the transportation dam-passing system is detachably connected with the lifting facility, the wharf transfer system is input into the transportation dam-passing system, and the transportation releasing system is input into the wharf transfer system. The fish passing method of the high dam comprehensive fish passing facility comprises the following steps: luring fish; collecting fish; lifting and loading; transporting to pass through a dam; wharf transfer; and transporting and releasing. The device has the advantages that the fish collecting efficiency is improved, and fishes are better helped to pass through the dam.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical fields of water conservancy engineering and environmental protection engineering, and more specifically relates to a fish passing method for high dam comprehensive fish passing facilities. Background technique [0002] While water conservancy and hydropower projects exert their benefits in flood control, power generation, and shipping, they also have a non-negligible impact on the ecological environment, especially the blocking impact on fish migration channels, which has attracted much attention in recent years. Fish passing facilities have been used internationally for more than 300 years as a fish protection measure to alleviate the barrier effect of dams. They can restore fish migration channels and communicate upstream and downstream fish exchanges. [0003] However, due to factors such as high water head and large water level fluctuations, passing fish over high dams has always been a technical problem at ho...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0004] 1) Due to the high water head of the dam, it takes a long length to control the flow velocity along the way below the g-flow capacity of the fish by adopting the fishway method. Therefore, the fishway may be several kilometers long, and high dams are generally built in alpine and canyon areas. It is extremely difficult to arrange long-distance fishways, and the investment is huge;

[0005] 2) It takes a lot of physical strength for fish to pass through long-distance fishways, which may lead to low efficiency and delay in spawning;

[0006] 3) The fish lifter is generally arranged on the bank or at a certain position in the dam, and the water diversion on the dam or the pumping station is used to replenish water and lure fish. Since the water replenishment flow is generally lower than the tail water flow of power generation, most fish will still Attracted by the tailwater of power generation, it goes upstream along the mainstream of the tailwater, gathers and stays near the draft pipe (hole), resulting in low fish collection efficiency at the entrance of the fish passing facility;

[0007] 4) When the fish lifter replenishes water and lures fish, it will consume water in the reservoir area or consume huge electric energy, which will have a great impact on the power generation efficiency of the project;

[0008] 5) The fish inlets of fishways and fish elevators are generally fixed, and it is difficult to take into account fish with different current characteristics and gating capabilities;

[0009] 6) The outlets of fishways and fish lifts are generally located in front of the dam. After passing through the dam, the fish suddenly enter the area where the flow velocity is basically still water.

[0010] 7) Fish collection boats generally use fish collection boats (platforms) to collect fish under the dam, and transport the fish across the dam by boats. However, the rivers where high dams are located are generally in rapids and dangerous shoals, and the navigation conditions are poor. Fish collection boats (platforms) ) generally do not have the operating conditions, and during the flood discharge period of the dam, the safety of the fishing boat (platform) is even more difficult to guarantee;

[0011] 8) The elevations of the fish inlets of the above-mentioned fish passing facilities are relatively fixed, and it is difficult to lure fish that live in different water layers.

[0012] The existing application number is: 201711383215.6, the patent name is "A System for Collecting and Transporting Fish Adaptable to Water Level Variation" and the application number is: 201810150802.9, and the patent name is "A Fish Collection System Device for Fish Elevator", both of which disclose System, fish collection system, lifting transfer system, fish collection and transportation device system, the fish collection box is set at the head of the fish collection corridor and installed on the lifting system, and is automatically optimized and adjusted according to the characteristics of fish schools and changes in water level and flow observed by the fish monitor The opening of the fish inlet valve and water replenishment valve meets the suitable hydraulic conditions for different types of fish in different locations; however, it uses water replenishment facilities such as water pumps to draw water to lure fish. First, the flow rate is limited and the fish luring efficiency is low; The reason is that the energy consumption of water pumping is relatively large, which has a great impact on the power generation efficiency of the project; the third is that the fish inlet of the fish collection channel has a fixed elevation, which cannot be applied to fish inhabiting different water layers, and the types of fish collected are limited; There are many mechanical equipment and mechanical operations such as lowering the grille and dragging the grille translation, and the mechanism and operation are more complicated.

[0013] The existing application number is 201711278801.4, and the patent name is "Comprehensive fish transport platform and method for solving hydropower station's obstruction of fish upward tracing", which discloses a new fishing channel in the downstream area of ​​the frontier position where fish upstream reaches in the downstream of the tail water, and in the Relevant fish collection and luring measures, observation equipment and improved transshipment settings are added in the channel to achieve a comprehensive fish collection and transportation platform for the purpose of fish trapping, observation and transshipment under the dam, and a method to solve the problem of fish upstream from the hydropower station; The water body with a certain flow rate is sent out through the pipes arranged on both sides of the channel and pre-buried at the bottom to form a preferred flow rate distribution for different fish passing targets to attract fish. However, it uses water pumps to artificially create flow to attract fish. The following deficiencies: ①The flow rate is limited, and the fish luring efficiency is low; ②The energy consumption of water pumping is relatively large; ③The water pump may generate vibration and noise, which affects the fish luring effect; Auxiliary means drive or lure fish into the fish collection box, but the equipment and operation process are not disclosed in detail. In fact, the operation is extremely difficult and may cause damage to the fish

[0016] However, due to its use of submersible pumps to create currents, supplemented by lights to attract fish, there are still the following deficiencies: ①The flow rate of fish luring by submersible pumps is extremely limited, and the efficiency of luring fish is low; ②The energy consumption of water pumping is relatively large. , high operating cost; ③The water pump may generate vibration and noise, which will affect the fish luring effect; ④Different fish have different avoidance responses to lights, sound waves, etc., and it has not been proved that it has a universal luring effect on fish. The effectiveness and feasibility of other measures other than

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