Compositions and methods for modulating connexin hemichannels

a technology of connexin and hemichannel, applied in the field of compositions and methods for modulating connexin hemichannel, can solve the problems of affecting affecting the ability of the body to respond to stress, etc., to achieve good therapeutic capacity and enhance the accuracy and probability of identifying a hemichannel modulating compound

Inactive Publication Date: 2007-02-22
ADTRAN
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0024] For instance, certain compounds according to the invention are capable of phosphorylating at least one tyrosine residue of the connexin. In this embodiment, phosphorylation of the connexin will help close the hemichannel. Other suitable hemichannel modulating compounds decrease phosphorylation (dephosphorylate) at least one serine residue of the connexin. In this example, dephosphorylation of the serine will help open the hemichannel. Still other compounds within the scope of the invention will enhance phosphorylation of at least one threonine residue of the connexin, typically to assist in the closure of the hemichannel. Additionally suitable invention compounds facilitate at least one of: an increase or decrease in serine phosphorylation, an increase or decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation, and an increase or decrease in threonine phosphorylation of the connexin. Preferably, one or more of the amino acid modifications will assist in a detectable opening or closing of the hemichannel.
[0077] Further provided by the invention is a method of treating and preventing cell and tissue damage resulting from elevated levels of blood glucose. In one embodiment, the method includes administering to a patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound that blocks a connexin hemichannel from opening.

Problems solved by technology

Metabolic inhibition is thought to open the hemichannel and enhance loss of potassium, and induce influx of protons, sodium and calcium, thereby damaging heart tissue.
It has been proposed that open hemichannels, especially during ischemia or metabolic stress, may lead to cellular uptake of Ca2+, protons and accumulation of amphipathic lipid metabolites in cells causing cellular swelling, cell damage or apoptosis.

Method used

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  • Compositions and methods for modulating connexin hemichannels
  • Compositions and methods for modulating connexin hemichannels
  • Compositions and methods for modulating connexin hemichannels

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

reference example 1

Standard In Vivo Mouse Arrythmia Assay

[0255] It is possible to test for antiarrythmic effects by performing a calcium-induced arhythmia model in mice.

[0256] Briefly, the antiarrhythmic effects of compounds can be tested in an in vivo model of calcium-induced arrythmias according to the model of J. J. Lynch, R. G. et al. J Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1981, 3 49-60. Mice (25-30 g) were anaesthetised with a neurolept anaesthetic combination (Hypnorm® (fentanyl citrate 0.315 mg / ml and fuanisone 10 mg / ml)+midazolam (5 mg / ml)). Commercial solutions of hypnorm and midazolam were diluted 1:1 in distilled water and one part diluted Hypnorm® is mixed with one part diluted midazolam.

[0257] The anaesthesia was induced by s.c. administration in a dose of 0.05-0.075 μl / 10 gram mouse. An i.v. cannula was inserted into the tail vein. The lead II ECG signal was recorded continuously by positioning of a stainless steel ECG electrodes on the right forelimb and on the left hind limb. The ground electrode...

example 1

Antiarrhythmic Compounds

[0261] compounds used in the invention include Ac-D-Tyr-D-Pro-D-4Hyp-Gly-D-Ala-Gly-NH2 (compound 1) and Ac-Gly-Asn-Tyr-NH2 (compound 2). The compounds are synthesised according to standard solid phase synthesis as described in WO01 / 62775. A further example of compounds useful in the invention is trans-resveratrol and CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester). Methods for making the compounds have been described. See e.g, the PCT / DK01 / 00127 (WO 01 / 62775) and PCT / US02 / 05773 (WO 02 / 077017) applications.

example 2

Analysis of Metabolic Stress Induced by Glucose Removal

[0262] Cardiac arrhythmias can be caused by disturbances of both formation and conduction of the action potential. The propagation of an action potential from cell to cell is mediated by the intercellular gap junctions. These gap junctions consist of channels, which are built by specialised proteins called connexins. There are several lines of evidence showing that a reduced expression and / or a disturbed distribution of the connexins, can be deleterious for normal impulse propagation and thereby arrhythmogenic. One example is the alterations seen during and after ischemia. During acute ischemia uncoupling of the cells are mainly believed to be caused by intracellular acidification, increased intracellular Ca2+, reduced intracellular ATP and by elevated concentrations of long-chain acylcamitines and fatty acids [1, 2]. After the acute phase of ischemia, remodelling occurs where the architecture of the infarcted area and its bord...

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Abstract

Disclosed are compositions and methods for modulating hemichannel function in a cell, tissue or organ. The invention also relates to useful screens for detecting such compounds, particularly those capable of modulating connexin phosphorylation. Further provided are therapeutic methods for preventing or treating conditions impacted by undesired hemichannel function in a mammal such as heart arrhythmia.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION [0001] The present application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10 / 353,549, filed on Jan. 29, 2003, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60 / 352,717, filed on Jan. 29, 2002, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The present invention generally relates to compositions and methods for modulating connexin hemichannels. The invention also relates to useful screens for detecting such compounds. BACKGROUND [0003] There is recognition that gap junctions are important plasma membrane structures that help cells communicate with their environment. For example, most gap junctions are thought to assist passage of small molecules and ions between interconnected cells. Such movement is believed to exert profound effects on many aspects of cell physiology. Plasma membranes of adjacent cells are believed to include hemichannels, “connexons”, formed by multimeric pro...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K38/08A61K38/00A61K38/05A61K38/06A61K38/07A61P3/08A61P7/00A61P7/02A61P9/04A61P9/06A61P9/10A61P17/02A61P25/08A61P43/00G01N33/50G01N33/68
CPCA61K38/05A61K38/06A61K38/07A61K38/08G01N33/5082G01N33/6887G01N2500/10G01N2800/326A61P17/02A61P25/08A61P3/08A61P43/00A61P7/00A61P7/02A61P9/04A61P9/06A61P9/10A61P11/00G01N33/543G01N33/60G01N2440/14
Inventor JENSEN, PETER HOLMELARSEN, BJARNE DUEHANSEN, LARS BO LAURENBORGPETERSEN, JORGEN SOBERGNEVE, SORENNIELSEN, MORTEN SCHAKMEIER, EDDISTEINESS, EVA
Owner ADTRAN
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