Method and Apparatus Including Use of Metalloporphyrins for Subsequent Optimization of Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy

Abstract

An apparatus and method for subsequent optimization of radiosurgery and radiotherapy is provided. The invention includes administering a metalloporphyrin to the patient, and then creating a 3-dimensional mapping of tissue through use of PET or SPECT. Malignant and pre-malignant tissue has an affinity for the metalloporphyrin. During treatment, real-time images are also provided which are compared to the previous 3-dimensional mapping. Creation of the real-time images is also achieved through PET or SPECT wherein a metalloporphyrin is administered to the patient. Total administration of radiation is calculated by summing radiation from the inetalloporphyrins and from the radiosurgery / radiotherapy. The amount of radiation delivered by the metalloporphyrins and by the radiosurgery / radiotherapy are adjustable based on a patient's response to the dual delivery.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of co-application Ser. No. 10 / 176,558, filed on Jun. 21, 2002, entitled “METHOD OF CANCER SCREENING PRIMARILY UTILIZING NON-INVASIVE CELL COLLECTION, FLUORESCENCE DETECTION TECHNIQUES, AND RADIO TRACING DETECTION TECHNIQUES”, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] This invention relates to cancer screening and cancer treatment, and more particularly, to the use of metalloporphyrins for subsequent optimization of radiosurgery and / or radiotherapy. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] There are a number of prior art methods and apparatuses which are used in the detection and treatment of cancer. Fluorescent markers have been used to help identify cancerous tissue within a patient. Radio tracers or markers have also been used in the detection and treatment of cancer. [0004] U.S. Pat. No. 5,391,547 discloses a method of using porphyrins to dete...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0020] The present invention may make use of porphyrin compounds complexed with various metals such as silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), gadolinium (Gd), indium (In), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), scandium (Sc), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), titanium oxide (TiO), vanadium oxide (VO), ytterbium (Yb) and zinc (Zn). These complexes are generally categorized as metalloporphyrins meaning a porphyrin moiety having a chelated radioactive isotope of a metal atom. These metalloporphyrins are further processed so that the metal is in the form of a radioactive isotope. The resulting radioactive metalloporphyrins thereby constitute radiopharmaceuticals that can be intravenously introduced to the patient. The affinity of neoplastic tissue for porphyrins results in selective uptake of the radioactive metalloporphyrin, thereby effecting targeted delivery of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. For example, in the instance of elemental copper chelated by the porphyrin, the copper can be transformed to radioactive 67Cu. In this way, introduction of the metalloporphyrin radiopharmacuetical to the patient is an effective means to deliver measured radiation therapy to targeted tissue. More specifically, 67Cu provides a source of beta radiation for selective destruction of neoplastic sites. Additionally, metalloporphyrin complexes still provide the ability to simultaneously conduct fluorescence detection and phototherapy if desired. Also, the metalloporphyrins provide the ability for observation of the targeted areas through PET (for example, through the use of 64Cu) or SPECT (for example, through use the of 67Cu).

[0026] One clear advantage to the above method is that in many instances, administration of the metalloporphyrin will greatly shrink a tumor size; therefore, the beam of radiation can be better focused onto a specific targeted area thereby further eliminating exposure of healthy tissue to the irradiating beam.

[0027] Thus, with the present invention, radiosurgery / radiotherapy can be optimized in a manner which enhances the ability to provide a radiosurgical beam to targeted areas in the body and to limit the adverse effects of radiation exposure of healthy tissue.

Problems solved by technology

In all uses of photodynamic therapy, it is well known that there are limitations in such therapy because of the poor penetration of the visible light required to activate the administered porophyrin so as to render it toxic to the targeted tissue.

Particularly for tumors which are found deep within the body of a patient, repeated interventional procedures to treat the neoplastic tissue become infeasible.

Accordingly, many types of diseased tissue cannot be effectively treated through photodynamic therapy.

Although an MRI or CT scan may be adequate under many circumstances, the disadvantages of CT scanning or MRI scanning is that these types of scans image the physical structure of tissue, and do not provide information regarding the body's chemistry, or cell function.

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