Belonging to the technical field of molybdenum metallurgy, the invention relates to a method for microwave roasting of molybdenite concentrate to produce high-purity molybdenum oxide. The method includes: firstly conducting crushing and ball milling on molybdenite concentrate, then spreading the crushed molybdenite concentrate to a thickness of 1-4cm, and placing the product in a microwave cavity; turning on a microwave output switch, blowing in compressed air, regulating the microwave output power, and carrying out pre-oxidation on the crushed molybdenite concentrate; heating the pre-oxidized molybdenite concentrate to a sublimation temperature and performing thermal insulation for 30-60min, in the process, letting the molybdenum trioxide steam generated by oxidizing roasting overflow through a microwave reactor top, performing water-cooling and then conducting collection by a bag dust collector, thus obtaining high-purity molybdenum trioxide reaching the nonferrous metal industry grade 2 standard. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of short technological process, low energy consumption, and high product purity, etc.